Table 1.

Heritability Estimates of Refractive Error

Subjects	Study	Heritability Estimate (±SE or 95% CI)
Monozygous and dizygous twin pairs	Dirani et al. 20066	0.88 ± 0.02 (men) (SE)
	Hammond et al. 200121	0.86 (0.83–0.89)
	Lyhne et al. 20017	0.89–0.94 (0.82–0.96)
Sibling pair	Guggenheim et al. 2007152	0.90 (0.62–1.12)
	Peet et al. 2007153	0.69 (0.58–0.85)
Full pedigree	Klein et al. 200919	0.62 ± 0.13
Parent-offspring pair	Lim et al. 2014154	0.30 (0.27–0.33)