Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of Zip-code and Patient Characteristics
| Mean (95% CI) | |
|---|---|
| Zip-code Characteristics (N=598) | |
| Number of recreational marijuana dispensaries per square mile | 0.023 (0.015, 0.031) |
| Number of medical marijuana dispensaries per square mile | 0.037 (0.019, 0.055) |
| Number of DATA-2000 waivered providersper square mile | 0.29 (−0.13, 0.72) |
| Proportion of population under age 21, % | 26.13 (25.50, 26.77) |
| Racial/ethnic composition, % | |
| Predominantly non-Hispanic white | 91.64 (89.13, 93.61) |
| Predominantly racial/ethnic minorities | 8.36 (6.39, 10.87) |
| Median household income in thousand dollars of 2016 | 57.05 (55.41, 58.69) |
| Number of tobacco and alcohol outlets per square mile | 3.48 (1.63, 5.34) |
| Population density, thousand population per square mile | 1.36 (1.12, 1.60) |
| Patient Characteristics | |
| Inpatient Stay Records (N=264,013) | |
| Related to opioid use disorder, % | 4.46 (4.38, 4.54) |
| Related to opioid overdose, % | 0.88 (0.85, 0.92) |
| Sex, % | |
| Male | 41.19 (41.01, 41.38) |
| Female | 58.81 (58.62, 58.99) |
| Age, % | |
| 65+ | 41.19 (41.01, 41.38) |
| 50-64 | 22.48 (22.32, 22.64) |
| 35-49 | 13.86 (13.73, 13.99) |
| 21-34 | 18.79 (18.65, 18.94) |
| 12-20 | 3.67 (3.60-3.74) |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 77.41 (77.25, 77.57) |
| Hispanic | 6.13 (6.04, 6.22) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 4.45 (4.37, 4.53) |
| Other non-Hispanic minority | 6.91 (6.81, 7.01) |
| Unknown | 5.10 (5.01, 5.18) |
| Primary payer for healthcare, % | |
| Private health insurance | 33.71 (33.53, 33.89) |
| Medicare | 42.93 (42.75, 43.12) |
| Medicaid | 18.93 (18.78, 19.08) |
| Other | 4.43 (4.35, 4.51) |
| Observation Stay Records (N=12,621) | |
| Related to opioid use disorder, % | 2.12 (1.89, 2.39) |
| Sex, % | |
| Male | 44.80 (43.93, 45.67) |
| Female | 55.20 (54.33, 56.07) |
| Age, % | |
| 12-20 | 3.60 (3.29, 3.94) |
| 21-34 | 11.40 (10.86, 11.97) |
| 35-49 | 14.72 (14.11, 15.35) |
| 50-64 | 26.86 (26.09, 27.64) |
| 65+ | 43.42 (42.56, 44.29) |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 82.42 (81.74, 83.07) |
| Hispanic | 7.36 (6.92, 7.83) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2.07 (1.83, 2.33) |
| Other non-Hispanic minority | 4.56 (4.21, 4.93) |
| Unknown | 3.60 (3.29, 3.94) |
| Primary payer for healthcare, % | |
| Private health insurance | 31.84 (31.03, 32.65) |
| Medicare | 44.79 (43.92, 45.66) |
| Medicaid | 18.27 (17.61, 18.96) |
| Other | 5.10 (4.73, 5.50) |