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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 4.
Published in final edited form as: Bioconjug Chem. 2019 Sep 5;30(9):2247–2263. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00448

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

NPs inhibit the cross-talk between cancer cells and CAF cells. Gold NPs (AuNPs) inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and stellate cells individually through several signal pathways such as preventing MAPK signaling and ECM construction. Moreover, AuNPs also decrease the expression of key modulators, such as growth factors and/or cytokines from cancer cells and fibroblasts, and thereby stop cross-talk between cells. MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases. ECM: extracellular matrix. IRE1a: Inositol-requiring enzyme-1a. This figure is conceptually adapted from the TOC in ref 12.