Table 2.

Findings at 1 and 8 weeks compared to baseline

	Baseline n = 25	1 week n = 23	8 weeks n = 21
Anthropometric
BMI (kg/m2)	36.8 ± 5.8	35.1 ± 5.8**	32.3 ± 5.8**‡
Body fat mass (kg)	45 ± 13	42 ± 14**	35 ± 14**‡
Body fat percentage (%)	43 ± 8	40 ± 9*	36 ± 10**‡
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	136 ± 19	128 ± 14*	124 ± 12*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	89 ± 11	87 ± 16	80 ± 10
Metabolic parameters
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	5.4 ± 1.0	4.5 ± 1.0**	4.6 ± 1.0**
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.6 ± 0.7	1.2 ± 0.6**	1.4 ± 0.9
Beta-hydroxybutyrate (mmol/l)	0.25 ± 0.10	0.55 ± 0.35**	0.46 ± 0.23**
Free fatty acids (µmol/l)	197 ± 71	284 ± 78**	314 ± 143**
Beta natriuretic peptide (mmol/l)	4.8 ± 2.8	3.7 ± 1.7	5.5 ± 3.0*
Glucose (mmol/l)	5.4 ± 0.9	4.7 ± 0.9**	4.8 ± 0.6**
HOMA-IR	4.3 ± 5.1	1.7 ± 1.4*	1.3 ± 0.7*
Matsuda index	19 ± 13	–	24 ± 12**
Body fat distribution
Liver fat (%)	7.4 ± 6.3	5.5 ± 5.0**	3.3 ± 3.0*†
Myocardial triglyceride content (%)	2.2 ± 1.1	3.1 ± 1.7*	1.5 ± 0.6*†
Epicardial fat (cm3)	102 ± 33	91 ± 27*	86 ± 29**‡
Abdominal visceral fat area (cm2)	162 ± 81	153 ± 93	102 ± 53**‡
LV geometry and function
LV end-diastolic volume (ml)	156 ± 27	144 ± 26**	151 ± 27*
LV EDV indexed to height (ml/m1.7)	63 ± 9	58 ± 8**	61 ± 8*
LV ejection fraction (%)	66 ± 5	62 ± 6*	64 ± 5
LV mass (g)	114 ± 27	110 ± 23	107 ± 23*
LV mass indexed to height (g/m1.7)	46 ± 10	44 ± 8*	43 ± 7
LV strain analysis
Peak radial strain (%)	42 ± 9	45 ± 11*	48 ± 11
Peak circumferential strain (%)	−20 ± 2	−19 ± 2**	−19 ± 2
Peak longitudinal strain (%)	−16 ± 1	−15 ± 2	−15 ± 3
Peak radial diastolic strain rate (1/s)	−2.7 ± 1.0	−3.2 ± 0.8	−3.2 ± 1.0*
LV average E/e′	8.6 ± 1.4	9.4 ± 1.7**	7.5 ± 1.5**
Myocardial PCr/ATP	1.9 ± 0.3	–	2.2 ± 0.2*
Aortic distensibility
Ascending aorta	5.4 ± 3.8	4.3 ± 3.4**	5.8 ± 4.6
Distal descending aorta	4.1 ± 2.5	3.9 ± 2.1	5.0 ± 2.8

*p < 0.05 compared to baseline

**p < 0.01 compared to baseline

^†p < 0.05 compared to normal controls (Week 8 data only)

^‡p < 0.01 compared to normal controls (Week 8 data only)