Table 2.
Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses identifying predictors for being in the consistently above average group versus the other development trajectory groupsa.
| Factors | Subgroup 1: Start below average-then decrease | Subgroup 2: Start below average-then increase | Subgroup 3: Consistently average | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | P values | RR (95% CI) | P values | RR (95% CI) | P values | |
| Maternal education per grade increaseb | 0.27(0.16, 0.46) | <0.001 | 0.59(0.41, 0.85) | 0.01 | 0.76(0.61, 0.94) | 0.01 |
| Maternal occupation-non-farmer | 0.16(0.02, 1.39) | 0.10 | 0.78(0.28, 2.12) | 0.62 | 0.74(0.46, 1.19) | 0.27 |
| Paternal education per grade increaseb | 1.33(0.69, 2.56) | 0.40 | 1.20(0.76, 1.89) | 0.43 | 0.84(0.66, 1.08) | 0.17 |
| Paternal occupation-non-farmer | 2.45(0.88, 6.86) | 0.09 | 0.77(0.34, 1.72) | 0.52 | 0.93(0.63, 1.37) | 0.70 |
| Household wealth per tertile increaseb | 1.17(0.69, 1.96) | 0.56 | 0.83(0.61, 1.14) | 0.24 | 0.95(0.80, 1.12) | 0.54 |
| Randomized prenatal regimen by supplementing duration | ||||||
| Folic acid or folic acid plus iron <180 days | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Folic acid plus iron ≥180 days | 0.55(0.18, 1.66) | 0.29 | 1.20(0.66, 2.18) | 0.56 | 1.02(0.73, 1.41) | 0.94 |
| Multiple micronutrients <180 days | 0.71(0.25, 1.96) | 0.50 | 1.30(0.74, 2.31) | 0.36 | 0.94(0.68, 1.31) | 0.73 |
| Multiple micronutrients ≥180 days | 0.14(0.02, 1.07) | 0.06 | 0.37(0.16, 0.90) | 0.03 | 0.63(0.44, 0.89) | 0.01 |
| Child sex-Female | 0.49(0.21, 1.13) | 0.09 | 0.81(0.51, 1.29) | 0.37 | 0.81(0.63, 1.03) | 0.08 |
| Preterm (<37 gestation weeks) | 2.62(0.69, 9.99) | 0.16 | 2.15(0.87, 5.27) | 0.11 | 0.73(0.37, 1.44) | 0.37 |
| Small for gestational age (<10th percentile) | 4.94(2.16, 11.33) | <0.001 | 1.85(0.98, 3.50) | 0.06 | 1.63(1.13, 2.33) | 0.01 |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g)c | 10.60(3.57, 31.49) | <0.001 | 2.50(0.87, 7.17) | 0.09 | 2.18(1.11, 4.29) | 0.02 |
a“Subgroup 4: Consistently above average” was the comparison group. Variables were included in the multinomial logistic regression analyses for their p values in the one-way analysis of variance or Chi-Square tests (Supplementary Table S3) less than 0.10.
bMaternal and paternal education were categorized as <3 years, Primary, Secondary and High school+, respectively. Household wealth was categorized as low, medium and high, respectively. All the variables were then treated as continuous variables in the multinomial logistic regression analyses.
cThe results for low birth weight were adjusted for the variables in the main model but excluding preterm and small for gestational age. Abbreviations: RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.