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. 2019 Dec 4;9:18266. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54709-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Treatment with 2a (DPS) for 24 hours induced PARP1 cleavage and histone H2AX phosphorylation in WiDr and MDA-MB-231 cells indicative of apoptosis and DNA damage. Further, treatment with 2a lead to an increase in p53 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose dependent manner. (B) Treatment with the radical scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reversed H2AX phosphorylation but not PARP1 cleavage in WiDr cells. (C) Densitometry analysis of γ-H2AX when compared to GAPDH as a loading control. Representative western blots of three independent experiments, and are cropped from the full-length images. Full-length blots can be found in the supplementary information, Figs. S2–S4. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA was used to calculate statistical significance (****P < 0.0001).