TABLE 1.
Antibiotic resistance profiles | |||||||||||||
AMP/ | |||||||||||||
AMP/ | PIP/ | ||||||||||||
Piglets | E. coli | ZnCl2 MICs (μg/ml) | AMP/ | TET/ | PIP/ | TET/ | |||||||
128 | 256 | 512 | suscep. | SXT | TET | PIP | SXT | TET | SXT | ||||
Site | Group | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
Mucosa | HZG | 7 | 33 | 1 | 22 | 10 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 9 | 0 |
CG | 8 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | |
Digesta | HZG | 8 | 33 | 1 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 0 |
CG | 8 | 25 | 3 | 20 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | |
Feces | HZG | 8 | 33 | 0 | 24 | 9 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 7 |
CG | 7 | 30 | 2 | 28 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 |
Distribution of 179 E. coli isolates among sampling sites, feeding groups, piglets (n = 16), zinc chloride tolerance levels and antibiotic resistance profiles. n, number; HZG, high zinc fed group; CG, control group; suscep., fully susceptible toward antibiotics tested; SXT, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; TET, tetracycline; AMP, ampicillin; PIP, piperacillin.