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. 2019 Dec 4;10:5515. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13523-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Locomotion-evoked cortical oxygenation increases persist when vasodilation is blocked. a Experimental setup for spectroscopy. b Locomotion-evoked gamma-band LFP power (top left), MUA power (top right), ∆R/R₀ (bottom left) and HbO-HbR (bottom right) in one representative mouse following aCSF (black, 12 locomotion events) and CNQX/AP5/muscimol (red, 14 locomotion events) infusion. c Locomotion-evoked spatial distribution of ∆R/R₀ (top) and HbO-HbR (bottom) for the same mouse shown in (a) and (b) following aCSF and CNQX/AP5/muscimol infusion. d Group average of locomotion-evoked ∆R/R₀ (top, * paired t-test, t(3) = 7.4235, p = 0.0051) and HbO-HbR (bottom, * paired t-test, t(3) = 8.0007, p = 0.0041) after aCSF or CNQX/AP5/muscimol infusion in four mice. The orange circle denotes the mouse shown in (b) and (c). e Experimental setup for simultaneous PtO₂ and LFP measurements. f Example of resting PtO₂ fluctuations (top) and resting gamma-band LFP fluctuations (bottom) in FL/HL in a single mouse. g Comparison of spontaneous LFP activity (left, * Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p = 0.0039) and fluctuations (SD, right, * paired t-test, t(8) = 5.0246, p = 0.0010) before (black) and after (red) application of CNQX/AP5/muscimol in FL/HL (4 mice, black circle) and FC (five mice, orange circle). h As (g) but for spontaneous PtO₂ activity (left, * paired t-test, t(8) = 3.2712, p = 0.011) and fluctuations (SD, right, * paired t-test, t(8) = 0.7542, p = 0.4723). i Top left, NRF of gamma-band LFP power (n = 4 mice, 1 in FL/HL and 3 in FC) before and after application of CNQX/AP5/muscimol. Vertical black line indicates the start of a brief impulse of locomotion. Bottom left, as in top left but for HRF of PtO₂. Top right, peak amplitude of NRF of gamma-band LFP power before and after application of CNQX/AP5/muscimol (*paired t-test, one sided, t(3) = 3.4299, p = 0.0208). Bottom right, as in top right but for peak amplitude of HRF of PtO₂ (paired t-test, t(3) = 0.5861, p = 0.599). Solid lines and shaded area in (b) and (i) denote mean ± SEM, respectively. Data are shown as mean ± SD in all other graphs.