Table 2.

Summary of preclinical studies for MNP targeting and actuation.

PA	Particle matrix	Magnetism	Iron oxide loading	Magnetic guidance	Type of experiment	Lysis rate relative to soluble PA	Ref.
tPA	PLGA	SP	5 wt%	None	None	Not Compared	[85]
uPA	PEG	P	0.54 wt%	PM	In vitro	1.8	[87]
uPA	PEG	P	2 wt%	PM	In vitro	3.7	[88]
tPA	PLA-PEG	SP	Unmedicated	Translating PM	In vitro	2.7	[93]
tPA	Silica	SP	9.4 wt%	PM	In vitro	1.7	[83]
tPA-SK	Silica	SP	0.2 mg/mL	PM	In vitro	2.2	[79]
uPA	Hydrosol	SP	1 wt%	PM	In vitro	3.0	[84]
tPA	None	SP	6 wt%	Rotating PM	In vitro	1.4	[91]
tPA	Dextran	SP	0.25 mg/mL	PM	In vitro	Not Compared	[81]
tPA	PAA	SP	8 wt%	Translating PM	Rat, iliac artery embolism	>1.6	[86]
uPA	Dextran	SP	20000 IU/mL	PM	Rat, arteriovenous shunt	5.0	[80]
tPA	Chitosan	SP	9.5 wt %	Translating PM	Rat, iliac artery embolism	2.1	[82]
tPA	Poly aniline	SP	27.6 wt%	PM	Rat, iliac artery embolism	6.5	[78]
uPA	Heparin	SP	8 wt%	PM	Rat and rabbit, carotid	20.8	[89]
tPA	Ferrolipids	SP	Unmedicated	PM	In vitro	~20	[97]
tPA	Aluminum	M	Unmedicated	Rotating PM	In vitro	3.3	[95]
tPA	Nickel	P	Unmedicated	Rotating PM	In vitro	1.8	[94]
tPA	BSA	SP	~0.5 mg/mL	AC Field	Mouse, mesentery vasculature	~1000	[96]
tPA	Polystyrene	SP	3.6 ug/ mL	Helmholtz coils	In vitro	3.3	[74]

PA, plasminogen activator; PLGA, poly-(lactide-co-glycolic) acid; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PLA-PEG, poly(D,L-lactide)-co-poly(ethylene glycol); PAA, polyacrylic acid; BSA, bovine serum albumin; SP, superparamagnetic; P, paramagnetic; M, permanently magnetic; PM, permanent magnet; AC, alternating current.