Cellular signaling with a bacterial monosaccharide.
(a) The ADP-heptose biosynthesis pathway illustrating the transketolase step, which establishes the seven-carbon skeleton. The key intermediate, HBP, is highlighted in a blue box. (b) Cellular delivery of bacterial HBP by various pathogens and signaling cascade initiated by activation of ALPK1 ultimately leading to transcriptional regulation via NF-κB stimulating an inflammatory response.