Associations between use of DAA-only, DAA + IFN or any DAA, and risk of HCC. Each group was compared with IFN-only after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). For the comparison between DAA-only vs. IFN-only, after the IPTW, additional adjustments were performed for gender, race, region, income, ribavirin, comorbidities, insurance type, BMI, smoking status, and SVR attainment. For the comparison between DAA + IFN vs. IFN only, additional adjustments were performed for race, Census region, diabetes, substance abuse disorder, insurance type, and BMI after the IPTW. For the comparison between Any DAA vs. IFN-only, additional adjustments were performed for gender, race, region, income, ribavirin, comorbidities, insurance type, BMI, smoking status, and SVR after the IPTW.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DAA, direct acting antiviral medication; IFN, interferon; SVR, sustained virological response