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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Drug Policy. 2019 Sep 12;74:41–46. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.08.006

Table 1.

Sociodemographic, drug use and risk behaviors of N=994 participants

N (%)
Socio-demographic characteristics

Mean age (SD) 55 years (9.1)
Female 343 (35)
Baltimore City residence 856 (88)
African American 838 (84)
Ever married 449 (48)
High school education 457 (46)
HIV-positive 310 (31)

Socio-demographic characteristics (prior 6 months)

Employed 139(14)
Income<$5K 685 (70)
Homeless 97 (10)
Incarcerated 20 (2)
Depressive symptoms (CESD≥23) 276 (28)

Substance Use (prior 6 months)

Any cigarette use 772 (78)
Any alcohol use 481 (48)
AUDIT ≥ 8 (vs. AUDIT<8) 163 (16)
Any injection drug use 315 (32)
Frequency of injection
 None 675 (68)
 Less than daily injection 167 (17)
 Daily or more injection 148 (15)
Overdose (any drug) 35 (4)
Any cocaine use (snorted, smoked, injected) 420 (42)
Any opioid use (snorted, smoked, injected heroin or prescription opioids) 412 (41)
Marijuana use 181 (18)