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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Drug Policy. 2019 Sep 16;74:62–68. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.08.009

Table 1.

Patient Characteristics

Mean (SD) or N (%) (n=97)
Age [Mean (SD)] 61.3 (12.1)
Female 76 (78.4%)
Race
 White 90 (92.8%)
 Black or African American 5 (5.2%)
 Other 2 (2.1%)
Co-Morbidities
Chronic Medical Conditions
 Cardiovascular Disorder 10 (10.3%)
 Chronic Pulmonary Disease 10 (10.3%)
 Hypertension 8 (8.2%)
 Diabetes 6 (6.2%)
 Two or more of above chronic medical conditions 12 (12.4%)
Mental Health Co-Morbidities
 Depression 30 (30.9%)
 Anxiety 20 (20.6%)
 PTSD 5 (5.2%)
 Other mental health diagnoses 3 (3.1%)
Non-Malignant Chronic Pain (NCP) Types
Back and neck pain 58 (59.8%)
Fibromyalgia and general pain 56 (57.7%)
Limb/extremity pain, joint pain and arthritic disorders 53 (54.6%)
Other types of pain 46 (47.4%)
Two or more of above NCP types 61 (62.9%)
Outpatient Utilization
Total primary care contacts in past 6 months [Mean (SD)] 6.3 (4.6)