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. 2019 Dec 4;6(6):ENEURO.0070-19.2019. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0070-19.2019

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Copyright © 2019 Pacheco et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 1. — Closed skull impacts induce mTBI-like behavior. A, Animals are anesthetized with isoflurane and placed on a custom Kaizen foam platform and impacted without restricting the head. Animals were impacted on top of the head at 2 or 4 m/s with a 5-mm diameter and a 5-mm deflection. B, Schematic representation of the impact site including the position of the burr hole for the electrophysiological recordings. C, Representative heatmaps indicating positions most frequently visited in warmer colors. The impacted animals displayed a prolonged time in the center following the impact and did not explore the arena as the sham-treated animals during the entire 10-min trial. Cumulative data for the latency to right themselves (D), latency to regain movement (E), and total episodes of movements (F) over the entire 10-min trial. Representative heatmaps for sham and 2-m/s impacted animals show similar time in the center and exploratory behavior (G). There was no significant difference in the latency to regain movement (H) and total episodes of movement (I) between sham and 2-m/s animals.