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. 2019 Dec 3;6(6):ENEURO.0221-19.2019. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0221-19.2019

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Copyright © 2019 Strong et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 5. — Ketamine decreases alcohol intake in high-alcohol intake male rats while increasing it in low-alcohol intake females. a, b, Alcohol intake (g/kg/24 h) over a 10 week period, with self-administration of ketamine or saline occurring from week 4 to 7 (indicated by shaded rectangles). a, In high-alcohol intake male rats, self-administration of ketamine (n = 8) blocks the escalation in alcohol intake observed in saline rats (n = 7). Ketamine had no effect on high-alcohol intake female rats (Sal, n = 7; Ket, n = 8). b, In low-alcohol intake male rats, ketamine had no effect on alcohol intake (Sal, n = 8; Ket, n = 8). In low-alcohol intake female rats, ketamine self-administration enhanced alcohol intake compared with saline from session 19 (week 7) to 28 (week 9; Sal, n = 8; Ket, n = 8). *p < 0.05. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM alcohol preference. *, #p < 0.05; symbols represent either within- or between-sex differences (indicated on Fig. 5a,b), ****p < 0.0001.