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. 2019 Dec 3;6(6):ENEURO.0221-19.2019. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0221-19.2019

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Copyright © 2019 Strong et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 6. — Ketamine decreases preference for alcohol in high-alcohol intake male rats while increasing it in low-alcohol intake females. a, b, Alcohol preference (percentage) over a 10 week period, with self-administration of ketamine or saline occurring from week 4 to 7 (indicated by shaded rectangles). a, In male rats, self-administration of ketamine (n = 8) blocks the escalation in alcohol preference observed in high-alcohol intake saline (n = 7) rats. Preference was significantly attenuated from session 18 (week 6) to 31 (week 10). In high-alcohol intake female rats, ketamine had no effect on preference (Sal, n = 7; Ket, n = 8). b, In low-alcohol intake male rats, ketamine had no effect on preference (Sal, n = 8; Ket, n = 8). In low-alcohol intake female rats, preference for alcohol was enhanced in rats that self-administered ketamine compared with saline from session 19 (week 7) to 28 (week 9; Sal, n = 8; Ket, n = 8). *p < 0.05. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM alcohol preference.*, #p < 0.05; symbols represent either within- or between-sex differences (indicated on Fig. 5a,b), **p < 0.01.