Table 3.
Drugs targeting stroma components in clinical trials.
| Drug and association | Tumor type | Molecular and cellular target | Mechanism | Study phase | ClinicalTrial.gov identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sibrotuzumab | CRC, PDAC | FAP (CAF) | Desmoplasia [224] | II | NCT02198274 |
| Simtuzumab + FOLFIRI | CRC, PDAC | LOXL2 | Desmoplasia [229] | II | NCT01479465 |
| Simtuzumab + gemcitabine | CRC, PDAC | LOXL2 | Desmoplasia [229] | II | NCT01472198 |
| Losartan + F-NOX | PDAC | TGF-beta1 | Fibrosis [230] | II | NCT03563248 ∗ |
| IPI-926 + gemcitabine | PDAC | SMO | Hedgehog pathway inhibition | II | NCT01130142 |
| PEGPH20 + gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel | PDAC | Hyaluronan | Desmoplasia [232, 233] | III | NCT02715804 ∗ |
| PEGPH20 + FOLFIRINOX | PDAC | Hyaluronan | Desmoplasia [232, 233] | I | NCT01959139 ∗ |
| Pembrolizumab + AMG820 | CRC, PDAC | PD-1 (T cells) CSF1R (macrophage) | T-cell apoptosis | II | NCT02713529 ∗ |
| Durvalumab + monalizumab | CRC | PD-1 (T cells) CD94/NGK2a | T-cell apoptosis | I | NCT02671435 ∗ |
| AMG820 | CRC, PDAC | CSF1R (macrophage) | M2 polarization [234] | I | NCT01444404 |
| 5F9 + cetuximab | CRC | CD47 (macrophage) | Restores macrophage phagocytosis | II | NCT02953782 ∗ |
| Pembrolizumab + cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil | GC, GEJ | PD-1 (T cells) | T-cell apoptosis | III | NCT02494583 ∗ |
| Pembrolizumab + paclitaxel | GC, GEJ | PD-1 (T cells) | T-cell apoptosis | III | NCT02370498 ∗ |
| Ruxolitinib + capecitabine | PDAC | Janus 1 and Janus 2 (pancreatic stellate cells) | JAK-STAT3 pathway inhibition [235] | III | NCT02117479 # NCT02119663 # |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab | Upper GI | PD-1 (T cells) CTLA-4 (T cells) | Block T-cell inhibitory signals and activation of T cells | II | NCT02923934 ∗ |
| Bevacizumab + cisplatin | GC | VEGF-A (endothelial cells) | Angiogenesis [236] | III | NCT00548548 |
| Ramucirumab | Upper GI | Inhibits receptor tyrosine kinase (endothelial cells) | Angiogenesis | II | NCT02241720 |
GEJ: gastroesophageal junction. ∗ongoing; #terminated.