Table 3.
Different preconditioning strategies to improve MSC efficacy in the ARDS preclinical model.
| Preconditioning | ARDS preclinical model | MSC source/delivery route | Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypoxia | Rat model of ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury | Rat bone marrow/administration in the circulating perfusate into pulmonary artery | (i) Reduce lung weight gain and the ratio of wet weight/dry weight (ii) Decrease white cell count in BALF (iii) Reduce level of MPO in the lung tissue |
[72] |
|
| ||||
| Serum from ARDS patients | Murine model of LPS-induced ARDS | Human bone marrow/intravenous injection | (i) Reduce BALF inflammatory cells (ii) Increase plasma IL-10 (iii) Decrease TNF and IL-1 |
[74] |
|
| ||||
| NAC | Mice model of bleomycin-induced lung injury | Human embryo/tail vein injection | (i) Reduce inflammation and fibrosis in the injured lung (ii) Reduction of apoptosis in lung cells (iii) Reducing the mortality of mice with bleomycin-induced lung injury |
[75] |
|
| ||||
| TGF-β1 | Rat model of LPS-induced ALI | Human umbilical cord/tail vein injection | (i) Attenuate LPS-induced systemic injury (ii) Increase MSC survival in damaged lungs |
[76] |
ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; ALI: acute lung injury; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-β1; BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; MPO: myeloperoxidase; IL-10: interleukin-10; IL-1: interleukin-1.