TABLE 1—

Participant Characteristics by Consistent Syringe Service Program (SSP) Use in Past Six Months: Appalachian Kentucky, 2018

	Total Sample (n = 186), No. (%) or Mean ±SD	Consistent SSP Use Unadjusted (n = 137),^a OR (95% CI)	Consistent SSP Use Adjusted (n = 137),^a OR (95% CI)
Demographics
Age, y	37.5 ±9.4	0.99 (0.95, 1.02)	0.97 (0.93, 1.02)
Gender: female	87 (46.8)	0.86 (0.44, 1.72)	0.59 (0.26, 1.35)
Race/ethnicity: non-Hispanic White	172 (92.5)	0.90 (0.27, 3.00)	0.77 (0.20, 3.00)
Current Medicaid coverage	146 (78.5)	0.93 (0.34, 2.58)	. . .
Site
Clark County (Ref)	86 (46.2)	1 (Ref)	1 (Ref)
Knox County	61 (32.8)	5.63 (2.39, 13.25)	4.76 (1.63, 13.91)
Owsley County	39 (21.0)	4.69 (1.81, 12.14)	3.84 (1.20, 12.32)
Primary drug of injection
Heroin (Ref)	30 (16.1)	1 (Ref)	1 (Ref)
Methamphetamine	84 (45.2)	1.95 (0.61, 6.24)	0.60 (0.14, 2.50)
Nonprescribed buprenorphine	48 (25.8)	3.11 (0.89, 10.93)	0.66 (0.10, 4.32)
Nonprescribed opioids	21 (11.3)	1.60 (0.33, 7.85)	0.70 (0.15, 3.23)
Something else	3 (1.6)	2.67 (0.19, 36.76)	1.10 (0.05, 23.54)
Substance use disorder, moderate/severe, past month	130 (69.9)	1.76 (0.85, 3.67)	. . .
Barriers and supports for SSP
Other sources of sterile injection equipment	89 (47.8)	0.29 (0.14, 0.60)	0.30 (0.13, 0.72)
Time to SSP, min	20.8 ±39.8	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	. . .
Network members using SSP	15.8 ±21.8	1.03 (1.00, 1.05)	1.03 (1.00, 1.05)
Worry about police at SSP	44 (23.7)	1.99 (0.84, 4.70)	. . .
Barriers to SSP use
Location	9 (4.8)	0.60 (0.14, 2.52)	. . .
Hours of operation	24 (12.9)	1.02 (0.37, 2.82)	. . .
Transportation	34 (18.3)	0.58 (0.25, 1.37)	. . .
Fear/mistrust/stigma	17 (9.1)	3.95 (0.84, 18.60)	. . .
Not enough syringes	10 (5.4)	2.01 (0.39, 10.37)	. . .

Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.

^{^a}

Among continuing participants, 83 (60.6%) reported consistent use, defined as six or more SSP visits in the prior six months.