TABLE 1—
Descriptive Statistics on the Study Sample: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2016
| Characteristic | Mean (IQR) or % |
| Age, y | 58.1 (47.0–71.0) |
| Female | 55.9 |
| Black | 19.7 |
| Hispanic | 12.8 |
| Income, % of federal poverty level | 113.4 (73.0–148.0) |
| Healthy Eating Index, score (0–100) | 51.2 (40.4–61.0) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 33.2 (28.1–36.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 128.2 (116.0–138.0) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 184.0 (156.0–207.0) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 50.4 (41.0–58.0) |
| Diabetes | 39.3 |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 6.3 (5.5–6.5) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 (0.7–1.0) |
| Urine microalbumin:creatinine ratio | 105.0 (5.6–24.9) |
| Current tobacco smoker | 21.8 |
| Cardiovascular disease history | 9.0 |
| Blood pressure treatment | 62.4 |
| Statin treatment | 7.1 |
| Diabetes treatment | 4.4 |
| Anticoagulation treatment | 0.6 |
Note. IQR = interquartile range. Statistics describe properties of the unweighted National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Study (2013–2016) after applying the inclusion criteria of household income less than 200% of the federal poverty level (according to US Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for the year the data were collected) or enrollment in Medicaid health insurance, and a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or greater (n = 73 248).