TABLE 1—

Description of Fentanyl-Involved Fatal Overdoses and Nonfentanyl Opioid and Polydrug Fatal Overdose Comparisons: Cook County, Illinois, August 1, 2014, to August 15, 2018

	Fentanyl-Involveda Fatal Overdoses (n = 1433)	Nonfentanyl Opioid and Polydrugb Fatal Overdoses (n = 1838)
Individual-level covariates
Age, y, mean ±SD	43.1 ±12.5	44.2 ±12.6
Race/ethnicity, no. (%)
Non-Latino/a Black	619 (43.2)	666 (36.2)
Non-Latino/a White	616 (43.0)	966 (52.6)
Latino/a	185 (12.9)	170 (9.2)
Other	13 (0.9)	36 (2.0)
Gender, no. (%)
Male	1114 (77.7)	1343 (73.1)
Female	319 (22.3)	495 (26.9)
Neighborhood-level covariates
Household income in $10 000s, median ±SD	4.79 ±2.76	5.08 ±2.82
Neighborhood deprivation score
Mean ±SD	−0.04 ±1.84	−0.45 ±1.81
Low (range = −5.00–0.00), no. (%)	715 (49.9)	1123 (61.1)
Moderate (range = 0.01–1.00), no. (%)	252 (17.6)	266 (14.5)
High (range = 1.01–5.00), no. (%)	466 (32.5)	449 (24.4)
Index of Concentration at the Extremes, range = −1 to +1, mean ±SD	−0.11 ±0.74	0.07 ±0.73
Population density per square mile in 1000s, mean ±SD	16.4 ±23.0	15.3 ±13.1

^aSubstances used, identified in medical examiner toxicity screen as primary cause of death, were fentanyl and fentanyl metabolites, carfentanil, 4-ANPP, and U-47700, alone or in combination with drugs listed in footnote b.

^bSubstances used, identified in medical examiner toxicity screen as primary cause of death, were opioids (heroin, codeine, methadone, morphine, hydrocodone, tramadol, oxycodone, oxymorphone, buprenorphine, mitragynine, opioid, opiate) and nonopioids (cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], 3-fluorophenmetrazine [3-FPM], methylenedioxyamphetamine [MDA], methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA], 7-aminoclonazepam, clonazepam [Klonopin], delorazepam, diazepam [Valium], diclazepam, etizolam, lorazepam [Ativan], midazolam [Versed], nordiazepam, and temazepam [Restoril]).