Figure 1.

Actβ null mutants exhibit a small body size and late pupal lethality. (A and B) Most Actβ mutants die as late pharates in the pupal case, with between a 1–4% escaper rate. Heterozygotes and w¹¹¹⁸ controls exhibit ∼80% viability. (C) Pupal volume of Actβ⁸⁰ (mixed male and female pupae) null mutants (orange triangles, 1.55 mm³) are ∼20% smaller than heterozygous individuals (yellow triangle, 1.97 mm³) and w¹¹¹⁸ controls (gray squares, 1.97mm³) (D) Pupal volumes of other Actβ trans-heterozygous mutant combinations show similar decreases in pupal volume. M is the sample mean shown above each data set, N is the sample size for pupal volume, and R is number of replicates for each genotype (A and B); each replicate consists of 30–40 larvae. Means indicated by yellow diamond ± SEM. **** P < 0.0001. ns, not significant.