Table 1.
Characteristics of participants at study entry.
| NONOBESE Fibre | NONOBESE Placebo | OBESE Fibre | OBESE Placebo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (w/m) | 16/10 (62%) | 11/12 (48%) | 32/9 (78%) | 25/21 (54%) * |
| Age (years) | 62.0 ± 9.7 | 62.4 ± 9.1 | 58.8 ± 8.9 | 58.7 ± 9.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 3.2 | 27.3 ± 2.5 | 34.8 ± 3.5 | 36.5 ± 5.8 |
| Weight (kg) | 77.5 ± 12.0 | 75.9 ± 12.1 | 94.0 ± 14.0 | 103.0 ± 18.2 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 93.8 ± 9.0 | 94.0 ± 9.2 | 107.7 ± 11.7 | 113.2 ± 12.3 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 102.8 ± 8.4 | 102.9 ± 5.8 | 116.6 ± 11.3 | 120.2 ± 12.7 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) | 0.91 ± 0.08 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.93 ± 0.08 | 0.95 ± 0.09 |
| BIA—body fat (%) | 32.3 ± 9.0 | 31.7 ± 5.5 | 39.4 ± 7.0 | 37.9 ± 8.5 |
| RR syst. (mmHg) | 139 ± 20 | 140 ± 17 | 140 ± 16 | 142 ± 16 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 89.1 ± 10.7 | 90.0 ± 10.2 | 90.7 ± 10.2 | 92.2 ± 10.0 |
| 2 h glucose (mg/dL) | 159.5 ± 18.4 | 155.7 ± 16.8 | 156.7 ± 15.1 | 164.0 ± 19.4 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.4 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) | 6.8 ± 3.3 | 7.8 ± 4.5 | 10.3 ± 4.7 | 10.8 ± 5.5 |
| Fasting C-peptide (µg/L) | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.6 |
| HOMAIR | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 2.7 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 1.8 |
| QUICKI | 0.36 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.05 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.02 |
| ISIffa | 1.00 ± 0.21 | 0.96 ± 0.36 | 0.78 ± 0.30 | 0.75 ± 0.22 |
| Belfiore | 0.79 ± 0.27 | 0.77 ± 0.35 | 0.57 ± 0.24 | 0.61 ± 0.23 |
| HICc-peptide (mU/µg) | 5.4 ± 2.0 | 5.5 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 4.7 ± 1.8 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 0.8 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.1 ± 2.4 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 5.9 ± 5.3 | 4.0 ± 4.0 |
| Leukocyte count (Gpt/L) | 4.98 ± 1.00 | 5.12 ± 1.62 | 6.32 ± 1.60 | 5.61 ± 1.26 |
| Uric acid (µmol/L) | 348 ± 83 | 337 ± 93 | 335 ± 70 | 355 ± 75 |
| GGT (U/L) | 28 ± 22 | 31 ± 32 | 39 ± 40 | 34 ± 29 |
| Fatty liver index (FLI) | 43 ± 23 | 42 ± 25 | 83 ± 12 | 85 ± 14 |
Characteristics of NONOBESE and OBESE participants at study entry. BMI: body mass index; BIA: bioelectrical impedance analysis; CRP: C-reactive protein, GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; HIC: hepatic insulin clearance; HOMAIR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; ISI: insulin sensitivity index; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; RR: blood pressure (Riva-Rocci). * Significant difference between the respective fibre and placebo subgroup, X2 test or Mann–Whitney U test; * p < 0.