Table 2.
List of seven studies that tested the effects of c-section delivery on the development of ADHD. The table describes if the studies differentiated between the types of c-sections and their effects, and finally shows the sample size and statistical significance level of the individual studies. The symbol - represents that for these studies, this information could not be found as the studies were systematic reviews. The data shows that elective vs. emergency c-sections seem to have different effects on ADHD. p levels less than 0.05 were considered statistically different.
Source | Type of C-Section | Effect | Sample Size (n) |
Statistical Significance (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
[124] | No differentiation | Altered dopamine response | - | - |
[126] | No differentiation | No effect | 248 | p = 0.005 |
[127] | No differentiation | No effect | 12,991 | p < 0.05 |
[128] | No differentiation | Positive correlation to ADHD | - | - |
[129] | Elective vs. intrapartum | Only intrapartum c-sections showed a positive correlation to ADHD | 1,722,548 | p < 0.05 |
[130] | Elective vs. intrapartum | Only intrapartum c-sections showed a positive correlation to ADHD | 671,592 | p < 0.05 |
[131] | Elective vs. intrapartum | No effect | 13,141 | p < 0.05 |