IMD	Isomaltodextrin
NC	Negative control
PC	Positive control
TL	low treatment dose
TM	medium treatment dose
TH	high treatment dose
GI	gastrointestinal
TJ	tight junction
ZO-1	zonula occludens-1
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
PAMP	pathogen-associated molecular pattern
M cell	microfold cell
SCFA	short chain fatty acid
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells
IL	interleukin
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
WAT	white adipose tissue
PPAR-γ	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
IRS	insulin receptor substrate
GLUT4	glucose transporter type 4
PUFA	polyunsaturated fatty acid
GOS	galactooligosaccharide
IMD	isomaltodextrin
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
RT-PCR	real-time polymerase chain reaction
PBST	phosphate buffered saline with 0.05% Tween20
TMB	tetramethylbenzidine
LAL	Limulus amebocyte lysate
GAPDH	glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase
SDS-PAGE	sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
BSA	bovine serum albumin
TBST	Tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween20