Table 2.
Characteristics of all trials included in the present meta-analysis.
| Author, Year, (Reference) Country | Design | Sample Size, Mean Age, Subject, Duration (Week) | Dietary Assessment | Experimental Group Type | Control Group Type | Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speaker, 2018 America [18] |
NB, P | 57, 42.00, BMI 27~40 people, 4 |
NR | Soy protein | No-soy protein diet | a; b; c; d; e; |
| Eslami, 2018 Iran [27] |
NB, P | 64, 45.70 Overweight or obese adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 8 |
NR | Soy milk | No-soy milk diet | a; b; f; |
| Ruscica, 2016 Italy [28] |
NB, P | 53, 58.90 Overweight or obese males and postmenopausal women, 12 |
NR | Soy protein | / | a; b; f; g; h |
| Hector, 2015, Canada [29] |
DB, P | 28, 52.00, BMI 28~50, nondiabetic, 2 |
Three-day food record | Soy protein | Whey | a; d; e; |
| Beavers, 2015, America [30] |
SB; P | 24, 68.40 ± 5.50 Older and abdominally obese adults, 12 |
Keep a log of all foods consumed | Isoflavones | Whey and egg proteins | a; b; c; d; e; f; g; |
| Lebon, 2014, Canada [31] |
DB; P | 30, 59.50 ± 4.50 Overweight or obese women, 24 |
NR | Isoflavone + exercise | Placebo + exercise/four capsules | a; b; c; d; f; g; |
| Hu, 2013, China [32] |
NR; P | 39, 23.17 Overweight and obese college adults, 12 |
Self-administered dietary questionnaire | Soy fiber + biscuit | Biscuit | a; b; c; d; f; g; |
| Cha, 2013, South Korea [33] |
DB; P | 53, 42.55 Overweight adults, 12 |
Three-day food record | Kochujang (KCJ) supplement | Placebo supplement | a; b; c; d; h; |
| Barsalani, 2013, Canada [34] |
DB; P | 39, NR Overweight women, 24 |
Three-day food record | Isoflavone + exercise | Placebo + exercise | a; b; d; e; f; |
| Kwak, 2012, South Korea [22] |
DB; P | 64, 37.73 Overweight or obese people, 12 |
24h recall and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire | Black soy peptide | Casein | a; b; c; d; |
| Keshavarz, 2012, Iran [25] |
NB; X | 24, 37.70 ± 1.30 Overweight or obese women, 4 |
Three-day food record | Soy milk | Cow’s milk | a; b; f; h; |
| Cha, 2012, South Korea [24] |
DB; P | 51, 39.87 Overweight adults, 12 |
Three-day food record | Freeze-dried Doenjang | Inactive ingredients | a; c; d; h; |
| Faghih, 2011, Iran [23] |
NB; P | 41, 37.88 Overweight or obese women, 8 |
24-h dietary records | Soy milk | A 500 kcal/day deficit diet | a; b; c; d; f; h; |
| Deibert, 2011, Germany [35] |
NB, P | 26, 55.70 ± 4.10 Moderately overweight middle aged males, 12 |
Self-reported records | Soy–yogurt–honey + the resistance training | The resistance training | a; b; d; e; f; |
| Choquette, 2011, Canada [36] |
DB; P | 45, 58.49 Overweight or obese women, 24 |
Three-day food record | Isoflavones | Placebo capsules | a; b; c; d; e; f; g; |
| Azadbakht, 2011, Iran [37] |
NB; X | 23, 22.08 ± 2.71 Overweight and obese female youths, 6 |
Three-day food record | Soy milk | Cow’s milk | a; b; f; g; |
| Aubertin-Leheudre, 2008, Canada [26] | DB, P | 39, 57.40 Obese women, 24 |
Three-day food record | Isoflavones | Placebo capsules | a; b; c; d; e; f; |
| St-Onge, 2007, America [38] |
NR, P | 47, 39.04 Overweight women, 12 |
Three-day food record | Soy protein | / | a; f; |
| Lukaszuk, 2007, America [17] |
NB, P | 14, 31.57 Overweight or obese adults, 8 |
Three-day food record | Soy milk | Skim milk | a; b; c; d; e; |
| Aubertin-Leheudre, 2007, Canada [19] | DB; P | 22, NR Obese women, 24 |
NR | Isoflavones | Placebo capsules | a; b; c; d; |
| Anderson, 2007, America [39] |
SB; P | 35, 45.20 Obese women, 16 |
Keep daily records | Soy shakes | Casein shakes | a; d; e; f; |
| Anderson, 2005, America [40] |
NB, P | 52, 47.40 Overweight or obese adults, 12 |
Lifestyle dairy | Soy-based meal replacement | Milk-based meal replacement | a; f; |
NR: no report; P: parallel control study; SB: single blind; DB: double blind; NB: non-blind; X: cross-over. a: body weight (kg); b: BMI (kg/m2); c: body fat percentage (%); d: fat mass (kg); e: fat-free mass (kg); f: waist circumference (cm); g: hip circumference (cm); h: waist–hip ratio (WHR); “+”: and.