Table 3.

Pooled estimates of treatment effects on obesity-related anthropometric measures in subgroups of trials.

Indicators	Subgroups	No. of Studies	Net Change	95% CI	p Value	I2 (%)
Body weight (kg)	All trials	22	−0.34	−0.60, −0.08	0.009 *	0.0
	Area
	Asia	9	−0.37	−0.65, −0.09	0.010 *	0.0
	North America	11	−0.17	−0.79, 0.46	0.606	0.0
	Menopausal status
	Post-menopausal	5	−0.01	−0.54, 0.52	0.976	0.0
	Non-menopausal	3	−0.59	−1.16, −0.02	0.041 *	2.8
	Sample
	>Median	10	−0.39	−0.78, −0.00	0.049	0.0
	≤Median	12	−0.30	−0.64, 0.04	0.083	0.0
	Blind method
	DB	9	−0.31	−0.65, 0.03	0.075	0.0
	SB	2	1.73	−1.70, 5.16	0.324	0.0
BMI (kg/m2)	All trials	16	−0.23	−0.45, −0.01	0.040 *	0.0
	Area
	Asia	8	−0.27	−0.53, −0.01	0.042 *	14.2
	North America	6	0.19	−1.51, 1.90	0.826	0.0
	Menopausal status
	Post-menopausal	5	−0.02	−0.55, 0.51	0.947	0.0
	Non-menopausal	3	−0.59	−1.16, −0.02	0.041 *	2.8
	Sample
	>Median	6	−0.21	−0.48, 0.06	0.463	0.0
	≤Median	10	0.00	−10.44, 10.44	0.818	0.0
	Blind method
	DB	7	−0.24	−0.62, 0.15	0.228	0.0
	SB	1	3.60	−7.31, 14.51	0.518	-
Body fat percentage (%)	All trials	12	−0.23	−0.56, 0.09	0.154	0.0
	Area
	Asia	6	−0.36	−0.69, −0.03	0.032 *	0.0
	North America	6	0.71	−0.16, 1.58	0.108	0.0
	Menopausal status
	Post-menopausal	4	−0.01	−0.54, 0.53	0.986	0.0
	Non-menopausal	1	−0.82	−1.88, 0.24	0.130	-
	Sample
	>Median	4	−0.16	−0.83, 0.50	0.630	0.0
	≤Median	8	−0.25	−0.66, 0.17	0.250	0.0
	Blind method
	DB	7	−0.25	−0.62, 0.12	0.191	0.0
	SB	1	3.60	−7.31, 14.51	0.518	-
Fat mass (kg)	All trials	16	−0.32	−0.61, −0.03	0.031 *	0.0
	Area
	Asia	6	−0.36	−0.69, −0.03	0.032 *	0.0
	North America	9	−0.18	−0.80, 0.44	0.566	0.0
	Menopausal status
	Post-menopausal	5	−0.02	−0.55, 0.51	0.947	0.0
	Non-menopausal	1	−0.82	−1.88, 0.24	0.130	-
	Sample
	>Median	5	−0.35	−0.83, 0.13	0.149	0.0
	≤Median	11	−0.30	−0.67, 0.07	0.109	0.0
	Blind method
	DB	9	−0.31	−0.65, 0.03	0.072	0.0
	SB	2	1.73	−1.70, 5.16	0.324	0.0
Waist circumference (cm)	All trials	15	−0.29	−0.62, 0.04	0.083	0.0
	Area
	Asia	6	−0.35	−0.70, −0.00	0.049 *	0.0
	North America	7	0.34	−0.70, 1.39	0.517	0.0
	Menopausal status
	Post-menopausal	4	−0.02	−0.55, 0.51	0.946	0.0
	Non-menopausal	3	−0.59	−1.16, −0.02	0.041 *	2.8
	Sample
	>Median	6	−0.38	−1.05, 0.30	0.275	0.0
	≤Median	9	−0.27	−0.64, 0.11	0.168	0.0
	Blind method
	DB	4	−0.02	−0.55, 0.51	0.946	0.0
	SB	2	1.73	−1.70, 5.16	0.324	0.0
Hip circum-ference (cm)	All trials	6	−0.39	−0.85, 0.07	0.099	6.1
	Area
	Asia	3	−0.46	−1.10, 0.18	0.161	48.2
	North America	2	0.58	−3.45, 4.60	0.779	0.0
	Menopausal status
	Post-menopausal	2	0.00	−0.53, 0.54	0.996	0.0
	Non-menopausal	1	−1.00	−1.98, −0.02	0.046	-
	Sample
	>Median	2	−1.19	−3.65, 1.27	0.343	-
	≤Median	4	−0.43	−1.02, 0.17	0.157	31.1
	Blind method
	DB	2	0.00	−0.53, 0.54	0.996	0.0
	SB	1	3.60	−7.31, 14.51	0.518	-

“-”: there is only one study in this subgroup and there is no way to compare heterogeneity. *: P < 0.05, there was statistical difference.