Table 1.

Participants’ characteristics.

Parameter	All n = 56		Men n = 17		Women n = 39
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age, years	71.8	6.9	71.1	6.6	72.1	6.9
Height, cm	154	9	162.9	6.3	149.4	5.6
Body weight, kg	54.5	12.2	63.8	12.3	50.5	9.4
Body mass index, kg/m2	23.0	3.8	23.9	3.3	22.6	3.9
Fat-free mass, kg	36.9	8.2	46.2	7.7	32.8	3.8
Fat-free mass, %	68.1	7.5	73.0	7.3	65.9	6.4
Energy intake, kcal/day	1814	327	2066	349	1704	240
Energy expenditure, kcal/day	1853	375	2126	440	1734	260
Energy expenditure, kcal/kg/day	34.5	5.3	33.5	4.5	34.9	5.5
Nutritional parameter
Protein intake, g/day	71.5	14.0	79.9	13.4	67.9	12.3
Protein intake, g/kg BW/day	1.28	0.32	1.25	0.28	1.29	0.33
Protein intake, g/kg FFM/day	1.99	0.40	1.75	0.29	2.09	0.40
Fat intake, g/day	57.4	15.6	62.6	13.1	55.1	15.8
Carbohydrate intake, g/day	239	41	271	40	225	32
Protein source
Soy protein, g/day	9.4	7.9	9.6	6.1	9.3	8.5
Fish and shellfish protein, g/day	12.4	6.9	14.0	5.3	11.7	6.4
Meat protein, g/day	12.2	6.9	14.4	7.3	11.2	6.4
Egg protein, g/day	4.8	3.0	5.5	2.9	4.5	2.9
Milk protein, g/day	19.5	14.5	21.1	17.8	18.8	12.5
Other protein, g/day	13.2	12.3	15.3	11.7	12.4	12.3
Distribution of protein intake across eating occasions
Breakfast protein, g/meal	16.5	6.2	17.5	6.7	16.0	5.8
Lunch protein, g/meal	21.3	6.6	22.2	7.2	21.0	6.2
Supper protein, g/meal	30.0	7.7	34.5	6.9	28.0	7.1
Snack protein, g/meal	3.8	5.5	5.8	6.7	2.9	4.5
Physical activity parameter
PAL	1.77	0.24	1.62	0.20	1.84	0.22
Steps, counts/day	6199	2747	6535	2903	6053	2626
Sedentary, min/day	200	46	167	39	214	40
LPA, min/day	332	87	259	53	364	78
MVPA, min/day	30	20	32	22	28	19

BW: body weight, FFM: fat-free mass, PAL: physical activity level, LPA: light physical activity, MVPA: moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity