Table 1.

Etiology of anemia in celiac disease.

Cause	Incidence
Iron deficiency	12–69% (adults) 10–20% (children)
Folic acid deficiency	20–30%
Vitamin B12 deficiency	8–41%
Copper deficiency	Very low
Zinc deficiency	Very low *
Bad response to the gluten-free diet	23%
Medullary aplasia	Very low (12 cases)
Chronic disease	4–17%

* It has been reported that 50% of celiac patients have low serum levels at diagnosis, but it has not been related to celiac disease (CD).