. 2019 Nov 1;11(11):2613. doi: 10.3390/nu11112613

Table 4.

Plasma concentrations of leucine, methionine, arginine, and glycine.

	P4 Protein	Casein Protein	Whey Protein	Soy Protein	Pea Protein
Leucine
Baseline, μmol/L	116.13 ± 23.59	116.12 ± 19.87	115.76 ± 19.96	118/83 ± 20.37	113.92 ± 21.43
iC_max, μmol/L	237.70 ± 51.22	266.38 ± 41.30	282.64 ± 80.86 ^a	152.46 ± 32.79 ^abc	165.52 ± 27.22 ^abc
iAUC,μmol/L*min	25448 ± 5647	26623 ± 5210 ^c	32799 ± 8505 ^a	16754 ± 4122 ^abc	18731 ± 3763 ^abc
Methionine
Baseline, μmol/L	24.7 ± 4.23	24.59 ± 2.60	24.98 ± 2.91	24.61 ± 2.26	23.74 ± 3.53
iC_max, μmol/L	24.62 ± 6.21	49.97 ± 8.24 ^ac	27.33 ± 7.37	12.64 ± 2.99 ^abc	2.88 ± 1.55 ^abc
iAUC, μmol/L*min	1936 ± 635	4360 ± 970 ^ac	2356 ± 794	931 ± 323 ^abc	137 ± 105 ^abc
Arginine
Baseline, μmol/L	100.11 ± 17.20	101.54 ± 15.62	101.30 ± 14.68	96.13 ± 19.00	98.09 ± 12.46
iC_max, μmol/L	90.96 ± 16.55	83.46 ± 13.88 ^ac	60.43 ± 9.58 ^a	102.39 ± 20.58 ^bc	112.45 ± 24.93 ^abc
iAUC, μmol/L*min	7979 ±1551	6534 ± 1631 ^a	5606 ± 1029 ^a	10740 ± 3257 ^abc	10719 ± 2426 ^abc
Glycine
Baseline, μmol/L	281.25 ± 80.84	289.62 ± 99.50	280.54 ± 81.82	290.37 ± 82.31	273.24 ± 86.45
iC_max, μmol/L	37.84 ± 21.02	34.50 ± 23.14	29.76 ±16.54	64.71 ± 43.01 ^bc	50.97 ± 26.2 ^bc
iAUC, μmol/L*min	1712 ± 1469	1447 ± 1147	1106 ± 735	3461 ± 2056 ^abc	3189 ± 2413 ^bc

All data are presented as mean ± SD. iC_max, maximum concentration above baseline; iAUC, incremental area under the curve. ^a indicates significant difference compared to P4 protein; ^b indicates significant difference compared to casein protein; ^c indicates significant difference compared to whey protein.