Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | Men n = 129 |
Women n = 144 |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 76.14 (7.32) | 75.40 (7.04) | 0.394 |
| BMI (SD) | 27.62 (3.77) | 27.80 (4.23) | 0.728 |
| Total drugs used, mean (SD) | 3.88 (2.83) | 4.11 (3.01) | 0.522 |
| Falls (SD) | 0.07 (0.26) | 0.26 (0.52) | <0.001 |
| Hospital admissions (SD) | 0.10 (0.29) | 0.09 (0.28) | 0.770 |
| CRG (% pluripathologic or chronic diseases) | 34.10 | 29.90 | 0.268 |
| EQ-5D (SD) | 0.83 (0.16) | 0.79 (0.16) | 0.058 |
| EQ-5D, problems with mobility (%) | 26.6 | 31.3 | 0.237 |
| EQ-5D, problems with self-care (%) | 3.1 | 9.7 | 0.024 |
| EQ-5D, problems with usual activities (%) | 7.8 | 14.6 | 0.058 |
| EQ-5D, problems with pain and discomfort (%) | 39.8 | 51.4 | 0.037 |
| EQ-5D, problems with depression or anxiety (%) | 25.0 | 39.6 | 0.009 |
| EQ-5D, any problem (%) | 61.7 | 70.8 | 0.072 |
| EQ-VAS, mean (SD) | 74.64 (14.03) | 68.63 (17.30) | 0.002 |
| VAS, mean (SD) | 2.51 (2.53) | 2.97 (2.51) | 0.131 |
| PASE (SD) | 329.68 (199.82) | 331.13 (196.59) | 0.646 |
| Hand grip, mean (SD) | 45.21 (26.23) | 30.47 (16.22) | <0.001 |
| MNA, mean (SD) | 27.06 (2.60) | 26.74 (2.97) | 0.350 |
| Vitamin D, mean (SD) | 19.83 (7.43) | 20.19 (3.00) | 0.796 |
| PTH (SD) | 64.32 (27.47) | 67.51 (29.77) | 0.369 |
| Ca2+ (SD) | 9.40 (0.30) | 9.52 (0.37) | 0.007 |
| Phosphorus (SD) | 3.06 (0.43) | 3.42 (0.49) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (SD) | 1.04 (0.23) | 0.82 (0.19) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (SD) | 4.45 (0.25) | 4.39 (0.25) | 0.044 |
Note: Values are percentages for categorical data or mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Statistically significant variables are in bold. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; CRG, clinical risk groups; EQ-5D, EuroQoL-5 dimensions; EQ-VAS, EQ-5D-visual analogue scale; VAS, visual analogue scale; PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Ca2+, calcium.