Table 4.
Percentage changes in recommended dietary intakes in the two study groups.
| Nutrients | RDI (M/F) | GA (N = 75) | Guidance (N = 64) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | ES | p | B | ES | p | ||
| Total Energy | ≤RDI_Energy 1 | 40.0 | 38.7 | 1.00 | 39.1 | 50.0 | 0.28 |
| Macronutrients | |||||||
| Protein | ≤(0.8xBody weight) * | 8.0 | 12.0 | 0.55 | 20.3 | 23.4 | 0.06 |
| Carbohydrate | ≤35% of RDI Energy * | 17.3 | 25.3 | 0.29 | 20.3 | 46.9 | 0.003 |
| Total Fiber | ≥ 25 g/day * | 2.7 | 21.3 | 0.001 | 3.1 | 21.9 | 0.002 |
| Total Fat | ≤25% of RDI Energy * | 28.0 | 33.3 | 0.56 | 31.3 | 39.1 | 0.38 |
| Micronutrients | |||||||
| Vitamin A | ≥ 900/700 μg/day ₤ | 8.0 | 8.0 | 1.00 | 6.3 | 12.5 | 0.39 |
| Thiamine | ≥ 1.2/1.1 mg/day | 1.3 | 4.0 | 0.64 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 1.00 |
| Riboflavin | ≥ 1.2/1.1 mg/day | 15.6 | 28.1 | 0.12 | 10.7 | 40.0 | <0.01 |
| Niacin | ≥ 16/14 mg/day ₤ | 20.3 | 34.4 | 0.06 | 14.7 | 41.3 | <0.01 |
| Vitamin B6 | ≥ 1.3,1.7#/1.3,1.5# mg/day ₤ | 10.9 | 17.2 | 0.45 | 6.7 | 21.3 | 0.01 |
| Folate | ≥ 400 μg/day *,₤ | 0.0 | 1.3 | - | 0.0 | 1.6 | - |
| Vitamin B12 | ≥ 2.4 μg/day * | 34.4 | 40.6 | 0.50 | 28.0 | 45.3 | 0.04 |
| Vitamin C | ≥ 90/75 mg/day ₤ | 18.7 | 21.3 | 0.83 | 7.8 | 21.9 | 0.02 |
| Vitamin E | ≥ 15 mg/day *,₤ | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - |
| Minerals | |||||||
| Calcium | ≥ 1000/1000,1200 # mg/day ₤ | 6.7 | 6.7 | 1.00 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 1.00 |
| Phosphorus | ≥ 700 mg/day *,₤ | 38.7 | 62.7 | 0.003 | 40.6 | 56.3 | 0.11 |
| Magnesium | ≥ 420/320 mg/day ₤ | 4.0 | 12.0 | 0.15 | 4.7 | 18.8 | 0.02 |
| Iron | ≥ 8/18,8 # mg/day ₤ | 22.7 | 40.0 | 0.02 | 34.4 | 54.7 | 0.03 |
| Copper | ≥ 900 μg/day *,₤ | 18.8 | 34.4 | 0.08 | 13.3 | 37.3 | <0.01 |
| Sodium | ≤(1.5,1.3#,2.3₤) * g/day | 29.3 | 12.0 | 0.007 | 29.7 | 21.9 | 0.38 |
| Potassium | ≥ 4.7 * g/day | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - |
| Zinc | ≥ 11/8 mg/day ₤ | 14.7 | 6.7 | 0.15 | 4.7 | 9.4 | 0.45 |
Note: The data are generated by calculating the percentages of participants following RDI for each macro/micronutrient listed in the table at baseline (B) and end of study (ES). RDA was used only for nutrients where a defined tolerable upper limit (UL) was absent. 1 RDI_Energy is calculated by using recommendations by institute of medicine of the national academics and is explained in the methods section. * indicates same RDI for male (M) and female (F); # indicates RDI for age 50 and above; and ₤ indicates UL is considered in the criteria for calculating the percentages. The data are given in percentages of study participants following criteria used in third column. The difference within groups at end of study was compared with baseline by McNemar chi-square test. p-value < 0.05 is considered significant.