Table 1.
Characteristics of CKD patients according to GNRI tertiles.
| Characteristics | GNRI Tertiles | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (n = 109) | T2 (n = 109) | T3 (n = 108) | ||
| Age (years) | 66.7 ± 14.2 | 66.4 ± 12.4 | 64.3 ± 13.3 | 0.375 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 69 (63.3%) | 66 (60.6%) | 89 (82.4%) b,c | 0.001 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 25 (22.9%) | 21 (19.3%) | 21 (19.4%) | 0.752 |
| DM, n (%) | 65 (59.6%) | 45 (41.3%) a | 38 (35.2%) c | 0.001 |
| CVD, n (%) | 30 (27.5%) | 24 (22.0%) | 23 (21.3%) | 0.497 |
| CHF, n (%) | 12 (11%) | 9 (8.3%) | 6 (5.6%) | 0.346 |
| CAD, n (%) | 15 (13.8%) | 8 (7.3%) | 15 (13.9%) | 0.227 |
| CVA, n (%) | 12 (11%) | 9 (8.3%) | 4 (3.7%) | 0.124 |
| RAAS, n (%) | 66 (60.6%) | 63 (57.8%) | 67 (62.0%) | 0.811 |
| CCB, n (%) | 64 (58.7%) | 53 (48.6%) | 49 (45.4%) | 0.122 |
| Furosemide, n (%) | 36 (33.3%) | 19 (17.4%) | 12 (11.1%) | <0.001 |
| No. of antihypertensives | 2.32 ± 1.32 | 1.92 ± 1.36 | 1.84 ± 1.38 | 0.020 |
| Statin, n (%) | 31 (28.4%) | 26 (23.9%) | 29 (26.9%) | 0.738 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 4.6 | 26.0 ± 3.9 | 26.4 ± 3.7 | 0.160 |
| FTI (kg/m2) | 9.5 ± 4.4 | 10.2 ± 4.0 | 9.6 ± 4.5 | 0.403 |
| LTI (kg/m2) | 14.5 ± 3.2 | 15.0 ± 2.9 | 16.2 ± 3.3 b,c | <0.001 |
| Overhydration (%) | 13.2 ± 9.5 | 7.0 ± 7.2 a | 4.4 ± 6.4 b,c | <0.001 |
| Fat percentage (%) | 27.1 ± 9.9 | 28.4 ± 8.7 | 26.1 ± 9.7 | 0.201 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 142.3 ± 17.6 | 136.8 ± 18.6 a | 133.7 ± 13.9 c | 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 25.7 ± 14.6 | 27.2 ± 14.3 | 33.7 ± 14.2 b,c | <0.001 |
| UPCR (g/g) | 2.40 (0.86–4.97) | 0.84 (0.40–1.68) a | 0.38 (0.15–0.94) b,c | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.1 a | 4.0 ± 0.2 b,c | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 127 ± 46 | 118 ± 39 | 117 ± 39 | 0.147 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183 ± 47 | 175 ± 39 | 167 ± 33 c | 0.020 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 152 ± 107 | 171 ± 126 | 167 ± 109 | 0.441 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 5.5 (1.7–12.3) | 3.4 (1.1–9.1) | 3.4 (1.2–8.0) c | 0.033 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 5.00 (3.14–8.94) | 3.17 (2.07–5.41) a | 2.93 (1.45–4.30) c | <0.001 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 8.51 (6.48–11.03) | 6.15 (4.72–8.97) a | 5.48 (3.21–7.62) b,c | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FTI, fat tissue index; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; LTI, lean tissue index; No., number; RAASi, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors; T1, tertile 1; T2, tertile 2, T3, tertile 3; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; UPCR, urine protein creatinine ratio. GNRI levels: T1, 69.7–92.4; T2, 92.5–98.2; T3, 98.3–110.2. a T1 and T2 were significantly different (p < 0.05). b T2 and T3 were significantly different (p < 0.05). c T1 and T3 were significantly different (p < 0.05).