Table 1.
Main characteristics of patients with HBV/HIV coinfection.
| Characteristics | Studies’ Results and Prognosis of HIV/HBV Coinfection | References |
|---|---|---|
| Low CD4 cell count | CD4 nadir < 100 cell/mmc, associated with death and impaired CD4 recovery during the cART * |
[5,7,11] |
| Higher risk of AIDS and death | CHB ° significantly increased liver-related mortality in HIV patients | [3,5] |
| Increased HBV § replication | High HBV DNA levels in half of HIV ^/CHB patients | [6,10] |
| Increased likelihood of loss of anti-HBs & | Functional cure more frequent in HIV/HBV patients and correlated with low pre-treatment HBsAg levels | [12,13,14,15,16,17,18] |
| Increase OBI °° condition | OBI associated with low CD4 cells, high ALT elevation and more frequent AIDS illness | [8,9,11,19] |
| Increased liver disease progression | A scarce benefit of anti-HBV treatment on liver fibrosis. Low CD4 count and diabetes associated factors | [20,21,22,23,24,25] |
| Increased risk for HCC ** | HCC incidence 5.9 per 1000 person years | [26] |
* cART, combined antiretroviral therapy; ° CHB, chronic HBV infection; § HBV, hepatitis B virus; ^ HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; & anti-HBs, anti antigen S of HBV antibodies, °° OBI, occult HBV infection; ** HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.