Table 1.

The relative abundance of some bacteria under the condition of two meals per day. (a). Phylum level. (b). Genus level.

a. Phylum Level
Bacterial	ZT20			ZT4
	Cellulose	M-Inulin	p-Value	Cellulose	E-Inulin	p-Value
Actinobacteria	0.0072 ± 0.0039	0.0103 ± 0.0081	0.7143	0.0690 ± 0.0647	0.0907 ± 0.0440	0.8254
Bacteroidetes	0.1535 ± 0.0463	0.2499 ± 0.0654	0.669	0.1647 ± 0.0467	0.3644 ± 0.1203	0.2085
Deferribacteres	0.0011 ± 0.0010	0.0005 ± 0.0004	0.9999	0.0002 ± 0.0002	0.0004 ± 0.0003	0.8413
Firmicutes	0.8221 ± 0.0467	0.6863 ± 0.0713	0.3232	0.7486 ± 0.0228	0.5294 ± 0.0865	0.0743
Proteobacteria	0.0111 ± 0.0033	0.0019 ± 0.0004	0.0159 #	0.0152 ± 0.0030	0.0054 ± 0.0017	0.1905
TM7	0.0043 ± 0.0025	0.0004 ± 0.0003	0.0159 #	0.0017 ± 0.0002	0.0001 ± 0.0001	0.0159 #
Verrucomicrobia	0.0006 ± 0.0003	0.0473 ± 0.0219	0.1905	0.0003 ± 0.003	0.0132 ± 0.0117	0.1032
b. Genus Level
Bacterial	ZT20			ZT4
	Cellulose	M-Inulin	p-Value	Cellulose	E-Inulin	p-Value
Bifidobacterium	0.0022 ± 0.0018	0.0080 ± 0.0077	0.5556	0.0063 ± 0.0062	0.0088 ± 0.0044	0.6825
Adlercreutzia	0.0046 ± 0.0019	0.0022 ± 0.0004	0.2344	0.0047 ± 0.0014	0.0026 ± 0.0006	0.6428
Bacteroides	0.0463 ± 0.0175	0.1100 ± 0.0262	0.0993	0.0701 ± 0.0238	0.1953 ± 0.0627	0.1352
Parabacteroides	0.0010 ± 0.0003	0.0009 ± 0.0002	0.8247	0.0015 ± 0.0006	0.0010 ± 0.0003	0.6229
AF12	0.0075 ± 0.0023	0.0011 ± 0.0006	0.0435 #	0.0052 ± 0.0013	0.0009 ± 0.0002	0.0317 #
Butyricimonas	0.0004 ± 0.0001	0.0008 ± 0.0004	0.0317 #	0.0005 ± 0.0003	0.0002 ± 0.0001	0.7937
Odoribacter	0.0017 ± 0.0003	0.0006 ± 0.0002	0.1795	0.0020 ± 0.0008	0.0003 ± 0.0001	0.0308 $
[Prevotella]	0.0144 ± 0.0085	0.0303 ± 0.0098	0.2857	0.0118 ± 0.0064	0.0375 ± 0.0279	0.9762
Staphylococcus	0.0013 ± 0.0006	0.0002 ± 0.0001	0.0397 #	0.0009 ± 0.0006	0.0005 ± 0.0002	0.8254
Lactobacillus	0.0294 ± 0.0230	0.0136 ± 0.0036	0.6825	0.1152 ± 0.0811	0.0631 ± 0.0323	0.873
Lactococcus	0.2862 ± 0.0453	0.0957 ± 0.0128	0.0159 #	0.1691 ± 0.0446	0.0856 ± 0.0136	0.2857
Streptococcus	0.0034 ± 0.0016	0.0011 ± 0.0002	0.1545	0.0037 ± 0.0016	0.0019 ± 0.0010	0.357
Clostridium	0.0002 ± 0.0001	0.0001 ± 0.00005	0.3889	0.0014 ± 0.0012	0.0003 ± 0.0002	0.3889
Dehalobacterium	0.0018 ± 0.0002	0.0017 ± 0.0006	0.873	0.0010 ± 0.0001	0.0010 ± 0.0007	0.1746
Coprococcus	0.0049 ± 0.0009	0.0081 ± 0.0032	0.9999	0.0035 ± 0.0007	0.0019 ± 0.0005	0.1905
Dorea	0.0032 ± 0.0011	0.0032 ± 0.0012	0.9966	0.0041 ± 0.0031	0.0020 ± 0.0012	0.5089
Roseburia	0.0018 ± 0.0010	0.0053 ± 0.0038	0.9762	0.0005 ± 0.0004	0.0004 ± 0.0001	0.5635
[Ruminococcus]	0.0305 ± 0.0113	0.0384 ± 0.0105	0.6271	0.0327 ± 0.0129	0.0240 ± 0.0094	0.5957
Oscillospira	0.0803 ± 0.0131	0.0290 ± 0.0088	0.0148 $	0.0600 ± 0.0173	0.0172 ± 0.0074	0.0404 $
Ruminococcus	0.0096 ± 0.0019	0.0067 ± 0.0032	0.4961	0.0056 ± 0.0017	0.0025 ± 0.0010	0.161
Allobaculum	0.0017 ± 0.0007	0.1764 ± 0.0544	0.1905	0.0662 ± 0.0649	0.1669 ± 0.1094	0.5238
Bilophila	0.0013 ± 0.0003	0.0003 ± 0.0002	0.0159 #	0.0011 ± 0.0005	0.0002 ± 0.0001	0.1111
Desulfovibrio	0.0037 ± 0.0011	0.0006 ± 0.0004	0.047 #	0.0021 ± 0.0007	0.0019 ± 0.0002	0.371
Akkermansia	0.0006 ± 0.0002	0.0473 ± 0.0219	0.1905	0.0003 ± 0.0003	0.0132 ± 0.0117	0.1032

(a) Number of bacteria significantly changed by M-inulin/all number of bacteria well-detected = 2/7. Number of bacteria significantly changed by E-inulin/all number of bacteria well-detected = 1/7. ^# p < 0.05, evaluated using the Mann–Whitney test with a two-stage linear step-up procedure of the Benjamini, Krieger, and Yekutieli test for multiple comparisons. (b) Number of bacteria significantly changed by M-inulin/all number of bacteria well-detected = 7/24. Number of bacteria significantly changed by E-inulin/all number of bacteria well-detected = 3/24. ^$ p < 0.05, evaluated using the two-way ANOVA with Sidak post hoc test. ^# p < 0.05, evaluated using the Mann–Whitney test with a two-stage linear step-up procedure of the Benjamini, Krieger, and Yekutieli test for multiple comparisons.