α-SMA	α-smooth muscle actin
ADH	Alcohol Dehydrogenase
ANGPTL4	Angiopoietin-like 4
ALD	Alcoholic Liver Disease
ALT	Alanine Aminotransferase
AST	Aspartate Aminotransferase
BMI	Body Mass Index
CCL	Chemokine C-C motif Ligand
CCL4	Carbontetrachloride
CDAA	choline-deficient/L-amino acid-defined diet
CDCA	chenodeoxycholic acid
CLA	Conjugated Linoleic Acid
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase 2
CYP2E1	Cytochrome P450 2E1
Cyp7A1	Cholesterol 7-α hydroxylase 1
DAMPs	Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
DCs	Dendritic cells
DEN	Diethylnitrosamine
DCA	Deoxycholic Acid
ER	Endothelial Reticulum
FFAs	Free Fatty Acids
FGF19	Fibroblast Growth Factor 19
FIAF	Fating-Induced Adipocyte Factor
FMT	Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
FOS	Fructo-oligosaccharides
FXR	Farnesoid X Receptor
GIT	Gastrointestinal Tract
HCC	Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HDL	High Density Lipoprotein
HFD	High Fat Diet
HFGFD	High Glucose/Fructose Diet
HOMA-IR	Insulin Resistance Index
HSHF	High Sucrose and High Fat
HSCs	Hepatic Stellate Cells
IFN-γ	Interferon-γ
IgA	Immunoglobulin A
IL	Interleukin
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
IR	Insulin Resistance
JNK	Jun N-terminal kinase
LDL	Low Density Lipoprotein
LP-F19	Lactobacillus Paracasei F19
Lep ob/ob	Leptin Deficient Mice
LPL	Lipoprotein Lipase
LPS	Lipopolysaccharides
MBOAT7	Membrane Bound O-acyltransferase Domain-containing 7
MCD	Methionine-Choline Deficient Diet
MetS	Metabolic Syndrome
miRNAs	microRNAs
MMP	Metalloproteinases
MTT	Microbiota-Targeted Therapy
Myd88	Myeloid differentiation factor 88
NAFLD	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer Of Activated B Cells
NLR	NOD-like receptors
NO	Nitric Oxide
NOD	Nucleotide-binding and Oligomerization Domain
PAMPs	Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
PNPLA3	Patatin-like Phospholipase Domain-containing 3
PPAR- γ	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ
qRT-PCR	Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
RCT	Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Reg3b	Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 b
Reg3g	Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 g
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
rRNA	Ribosomal RNA
SASP	Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype
SCFA	Short Chain Fatty Acid
SNPs	Single nucleotide polymorphisms
T2DM	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
TGF- β	Transforming growth factor β
TGR5	Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5
Th17	T-helper cells 17
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide
TM6SF2	Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
VLDL	Very-Low Density Lipoprotein
UCP-2	UCP-2
WHO/FAO	World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization
ZO-1	Zonula Occludens-1