Table 1.
General characteristics.
| All (n = 203) | Male (n = 102) | Female (n = 101) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 7.4 (1.1) | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.5 (1.1) | 0.025 |
| 6 years old n (%) | 59 (29.1) | 36 (34.6) | 23 (22.8) | 0.134 |
| 7 years old n (%) | 60 (29.6) | 31 (30.4) | 29 (28.7) | |
| 8 years old n (%) | 39 (19.2) | 16 (15.7) | 23 (22.8) | |
| 9 years old n (%) | 46 (22.7) | 19 (18.6) | 27 (26.7) | |
| BMI Z-score | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.5) | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.159 |
| Major Obese n (%) | 6 (3.0) | 4 (3.9) | 2 (2.0) | 0.342 |
| Obese n (%) | 30 (14.8) | 19 (18.8) | 11 (10.8) | |
| Overweight n (%) | 51 (25.1) | 23 (22.8) | 28 (27.5) | |
| Normal n (%) | 115 (56.7) | 55 (54.5) | 60 (58.8) | |
| Wasted n (%) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| Body fat (%) | 15.5 (6.5) | 13.7 (7 | 17.4 (5.3) | 0.001 |
| WHR (cm) | 0.88 (0.05) | 0.89 (0.46) | 0.87 (0.05) | 0.001 |
| Actigraphic Sleep Parameters | ||||
| Sleep duration week (h and min) | 7 h 44.1 min (54.6 min) |
7 h 38.9 min (57.6 min) |
7 h 49.1 min (51.3 min) |
0.187 |
| ≥9 h n (%) | 11 (5.4) | 5 (4.9) | 6 (5.9) | |
| <9 h n (%) | 192 (94.6) | 96 (95.0) | 95 (94.1) | 0.507 |
| <7 h, n (%) | 36 (17.7) | 25 (24.8) | 11 (10.8) | 0.078 |
| ≥7 to <8 h n (%) | 76 (37.4) | 34 (33.7) | 42 (41.2) | |
| ≥8 to <9 h n (%) | 80 (39.4) | 37 (36.6) | 43 (42.3) | |
| Sleep duration weekend (h and min) | 7 h 44.8 min (1 h 5.8 min) |
7 h 36.0 min (1 h 9.9 min) |
7 h 53.6 min (1 h 0.4 min) |
0.057 |
| ≥9 h n (%) | 19 (9.4) | 9 (8.9) | 10 (9.8) | |
| <9 h n (%) | 183 (90.1) | 93 (62.1) | 90 (88.2) | 0.358 |
| <7 h n (%) | 45 (22.2) | 29 (28.7) | 16 (15.7) | 0.065 |
| ≥7 to <8 h n (%) | 72 (35.5) | 37 (36.6) | 35 (34.3) | |
| ≥8 to <9 h n (%) | 67 (33) | 26 (25.7) | 41 (40.2) | |
| Sleep Efficiency weekday (%) | 80.5 (8.3) | 78.9 (8.4) | 82.1 (7.8) | 0.005 |
| ≥85% n (%) | 66 (32.5) | 30 (29.7) | 36 (35.3) | 0.242 |
| <85% n (%) | 137 (67.5) | 71 (70.3) | 66 (64.7) | |
| Sleep Efficiency weekend (%) | 79.4 (9.4) | 78.9 (9.8) | 79.9 (8.9) | 0.454 |
| ≥85% n (%) | 64 (31.5) | 28 (27.7) | 36 (35.3) | 0.291 |
| <85%, n (%) | 139 (68.5) | 73 (72.3) | 66 (64.7) | |
| Habitual sleep variability (min) | 55.8 (29.2) | 57.4 (32.1) | 54 (26.2) | 0.429 |
| Dietary intake | ||||
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2396 (712) | 2429 (839) | 2363 (560) | 0.512 |
| 6–8 years: Boys 1400–1700 kcal/day; Girls: 1300–1600 kcal/day * | ||||
| 9 years: Boys 1800–2300 kcal/day; Girls: 1700–2000 kcal/day * | ||||
| Protein (g/day) | 109.4 (60.7) | 113.2 (79.2) | 105.6 (33.1) | 0.377 |
| 6–8 years: 19 g/day * | ||||
| 9 years: 34 g/day * | ||||
| Fat (g/day) | 108.8 (48.9) | 110 (58.2) | 107.7 (35.1) | 0.746 |
| 6–8 years: 25 g/day * | ||||
| 9 years: 35 g/day * | ||||
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 234.2 (41.5) | 236.9 (39.1) | 231.5 (43.8) | 0.357 |
| 6–9 years: 130 g/day * |
Values expressed as mean (standard deviation) or n (%). Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist to hip ratio.* Dietary Reference Intakes (Institute of Medicine of the American Academy of Sciences).