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Molecular mechanisms of biological rhythms. The circadian locomotor output cycles kaput/brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (CLOCK/BMAL1) heterodimer is the central clock in all cells and stimulates the transcriptional activity of the period (Per) and cryptochrome (Cry) genes, whose heterodimer acts as a negative feedback loop of Clock/Bmal1 transcriptional expression. The two feedback loops of Rorα and Rev-erbα expression are regulated by CLOCK/BMAL1.
