Table 1.

Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations, and insulin-to-glucose ratio during duodenal administration of lauric acid (“C12”; 0.3 kcal/min), L-tryptophan (“Trp”; 0.1 kcal/min), a combination of C12 and Trp (“C12+Trp”; 0.4 kcal/min), or isotonic saline (“control”), for 90 min.

	Control	C12	Trp	C12+Trp	p Value
Plasma glucose AUC (mmol/L*min)	426 ± 7	414 ± 5 *	422 ± 4	410 ± 5 *	<0.05
Plasma glucose nadir (mmol/L)	4.7 ± 0.1	4.5 ± 0.1 *	4.6 ± 0.1	4.4 ± 0.1 *	<0.05
Plasma insulin AUC (mU/L*min)	210 ± 35	246 ± 28	266 ± 39	318 ± 47 *	<0.05
Plasma glucagon AUC (pg/mL*min)	3849 ± 457	4146 ± 690	3675 ± 492	3787 ± 375	NS
Insulin-to-glucose ratio	0.5 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1 #	<0.01

Data are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM), n = 16 for glucose data and glucagon, n = 15 for insulin and insulin-to-glucose ratio. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), with treatment as a factor, was used to determine main treatment effects; post hoc comparisons (with Bonferroni correction) were performed when the ANOVA revealed significant effects. * p < 0.05 vs. control; ^# p < 0.01 vs. control; AUC, area under the curve; NS, not significant.