a, Lifespan extension by overexpression of
spr-4 is daf-16 dependent. Lifespans
of worms overexpressing spr-4 (sgRNA+;dCAS9::VP64) or not
overexpressing spr-4 (sgRNA-;dCAS9::VP64) following
treatment with daf-16 RNAi or an empty vector control.
sgRNA(+)EV (n=29 worms) versus sgRNA(−)EV (n=25 worms): P=2.7e-4;
sgRNA(+)daf-16 (n=18 worms) versus
sgRNA(−)daf-16 (n=29 worms) P=0.20 by log-rank
test. Representative of 4 independent replicates. b, c,
Lifespan extension by the neural excitation inhibitors ivermectin and
nemadipine is daf-16-dependent. Shown are lifespan
determinations for WT control and
daf-16(mu86) mutant worms in the
presence or absence of nemadipine (2μM) (b) or
ivermectin (1pg/ml) (c). b,WT, n=69 worms;
WT+Nema, n=51; daf-16, n=43; daf-16+Nema,
n=67. WT+Nema vs WT, P=9.9e-8; daf-16+Nema vs daf-16, P=0.014 by log-rank
test c, WT, n=78 worms; WT+Ive, n=77; daf-16,
n=27; daf-16+Ive, n=29. WT+Ive vs WT, P=7.3e-8;
daf-16+Ive vs daf-16, P=0.22; log-rank
test. Curves are representative of an experiment replicated 2 (nemadipine)
or 3 (ivermectin) times. d, Inhibition of neural excitation
with ivermectin elevates DAF-16 levels. Worms expressing a DAF-16::GFP
transgene were treated for 10 days with 1 pg/mL ivermectin and assessed by
confocal microscopy. Left panel: Shown is total DAF-16::GFP. Values
represent the mean ± S.E.M (untreated, n=19 worms, Ivermectin, n=16
worms). **P=2.5e-7, Mann-Whitney U test. Right panel: Shown is nuclear
DAF-16::GFP (n=5 worms per group, 50-61 nuclei per worm). *P= 0.013 by
Student’s t-test. Results are representative of an experiment
replicated twice. e, DAF-16 is not required for inhibition of
neural excitation by nemadipine. Shown are maximum ASH GCaMP intensity
changes for day 2 daf-16(mu86) mutant
worms treated for 24 hours with 2 μM nemadipine (untreated, n=16
worms; nemadipine, n=18 worms). P=9.4e-5, Mann-Whitney U test).
f, DAF-16 is not required for inhibition of neural
excitation by ivermectin. Shown are day 2 worms treated for 24 hours with 1
pg/mL ivermectin (control, n=19 worms; ivermectin, n=32 worms). P=0.030,
Mann-Whitney U test).