Table 5.

Results of Multivariate genetic analyses

Panel 1: Additive genetic effects matrix
	E	A	C	N	O	Parenting Variable
E	0(.11) .06(.06)	.17(.05)**	.14(.04)***	−.09(.04)*	−.001(.04)	.06(.03)
A	.15(.04)***	.008(.13) .04(.10)	.30(.04)***	−.16(.06)**	.09(.05)	.14(.05)**
C	.14(.04)***	.29(.04)***	.001(.001) 0(0)	.02(.10)	−.14(.13)	−.12(.11)
N	−.09(.04)*	−.16(.05)**	0(.08)	.002(.001) 0(0)***	−.02(.11)	.07(.10)
O	.002(.04)	.08(.05)	−.09(.11)	−.04(.09)	.03(.19) .21(.18)	−.01(.12)
Parenting Variable	−.01(.05)	−.18(.06)**	.19(.12)	−.09(.11)	.03(.14)	.41(.25) .46(.32)
Panel 2: Dominant genetic/shared environmental effects matrix
	E	A	C	N	O	Parenting Variable
d11	.61(.04)*** .61(.04)***	.50(.07)*** .52(.06)***	.28(.10)** .31(.07)***	.45(.07)*** .46(.06)***	.53(.18)** .51(.17)**	---- ----
c22	---- ----	----- ----	---- ----	---- ----	---- ----	.74(.04)*** .46(.11)***
Panel 3: Nonshared environmental effects matrix
	E	A	C	N	O	Parenting Variable
E	.77(.03)*** .77(.03)***	.21(.04)***	.15(.03)***	.04(.03)	.25(.03)***	−.02(.02)
A	.21(.04)***	.79(.02)*** .79(.02)***	.28(.03)***	−.05(.04)	.09(.03)**	.04(.02)
C	.15(.03)***	.28(.03)***	.75(.02)*** .75(.02)***	.07(.04)*	.12(.03)***	.03(.02)
N	.04(.03)	−.04(.04)	.07(.04)*	.83(.03)*** .83(.03)***	.07(.03)*	−.008(.02)
O	.25(.03)***	.09(.03)**	.11(.03)***	.07(.03)*	.74(.02)*** .74(.02)***	−.03(.02)
Parenting Variable	.03(.03)	−.07(.03)*	−.09(.03)**	.15(.03)***	−.004(.03)	.41(.03)*** .62(.04)***

Note. Results for parental warmth displayed on the upper diagonal. Results for parental stress displayed on the lower diagonal.

E= extraversion, A=agreeableness, C=conscientiousness, N= neuroticism, O= openness to experience

^*p < .05,

^**p <.01,

^***p <.001.

All p-values are from two-tailed tests

Models are residualized for age, sex, age², and age × sex

All reported parameter estimates were standardized