Table 2.
The characteristics of the included studies.
| Author (year published) | Country | Study period | Study Type | Total No. of patients | Number of patients | Mean Age, yrs | Diagnosis | Interventions | Outcomes | Adverse effects | Quality score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UTI group | Control group | UTI group | Control group | UTI group | Control group | Primary outcome | Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
| Fang and Zhao, (2017) | China | 2013.03-2015.05 | RCT | 96 | 49 | 47 | 56.7 ± 12.5 | 59.3 ± 11.6 | severe sepsis | 30,0000 IU q8h×5d | Antibiotics standard care | 28-day all-cause mortality | PCT, CRP, IL-6, TNF-a | none | ?☆☆☆☆☆ |
| Choudhuri et al. (2015) | India | 2012.10-2014.05 | RCT | 104 | 68 | 36 | P > 0.05 | sepsis | NR | NR | 28-day all-cause mortality | VDs, length of ICU stay, VASDs, occurrence of MODS | none | ☆☆☆ | |
| Karnad et al. (2014) | India | 2009.09-2010.06 | RCT | 114 | 55 | 59 | 37.5 ± 12.9 | 36.7 ± 12.5 | sepsis | 20,0000 IU q12h×5d | equivalent normal saline | 28-day all-cause mortality | VDs VFDs hospital stay, APACHE II score | none | ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ |
| Wu et al. (2013b) | China | 2011.10-2012.10 | RCT | 60 | 30 | 30 | 54.3 ± 16.2 | sepsis | 30,0000 IU q8h×5d | equivalent normal saline | 28-day all-cause mortality | MODS,IL-10,IL-6 CD4,CD25,IL-17,HLA-DR | none | ☆☆☆☆☆ | |
| Sung et al. (2009) | Korea | 2005.01-2008.06 | PC | 169 | 43 | 126 | 61 ± 18 | 61 ± 17 | severe sepsis septic shock | 100,0000 IU qd | Antibiotics standard care | mortality | SOFA score | none | ☆☆☆ |
| Shao et al. (2005) | China | NR | RCT | 60 | 30 | 30 | 43.3 ± 9.2 | sepsis | 10,0000 IU q8h×5d | Antibiotics standard care | mortality | IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, CRP | none | ☆☆☆☆☆☆ | |
| Pavan Kumar et al. (2017) | India | 2014.10-2017.10 | PO | 225 | 87 | 138 | P > 0.05 | sepsis | 20,0000 IU q12h×5d | Antibiotics standard care | all-cause mortality | VFDs VASFDs | none | ☆☆☆ | |
| Chen et al. (2015) | China | 2013.07-2014.06 | RCT | 50 | 25 | 25 | 43.6 ± 5.8 | 41.7 ± 3.8 | severe sepsis | 20,0000 IU q12h×7 d | equivalent normal saline | 28-day all-cause mortality | IL-8,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 | none | ☆☆☆☆ |
| Tang et al. (2013) | China | NR | RCT | 74 | 37 | 37 | 31-52 | severe sepsis | 20,0000 IU q12h×7d | equivalent normal saline | all-cause mortality | IL-8, TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 | none | ☆☆☆☆ | |
| Jiang et al. (2006) | China | 2001.12-2005.12 | RCT | 78 | 39 | 39 | 56 ± 21 | 54 ± 16 | Severe sepsis septic shock | 20,0000 IU qd×3d | equivalent normal saline | NR | IL-8,IL-1, TNF-α,IL-6 | none | ☆☆☆☆ |
| Ni et al. (2008) | China | 2006.1-2007.2 | RCT | 42 | 21 | 21 | 60.18 ± 19.08 | 59.39 ± 21.11 | severe sepsis | 10000 IU/kg/d q12h×5d | equivalent normal saline | 28-day mortality | IL-10, TNF-α, APACHE II score | none | ☆☆☆☆☆ |
| Fang et al. (2005) | China | 2003.09-2004.02 | RCT | 56 | 28 | 28 | 57 ± 16 | 61 ± 16 | sepsis | 20,0000 IU q12h×5d | equivalent normal saline | 28-day mortality | IL-8, TNF-α,IL-6, APACHE II score | rash | ☆☆☆☆ |
| Dai et al. (2016) | China | 2013.07-2014.06 | RCT | 86 | 43 | 43 | 59.45 ± 6.54 | 59.32 ± 6.15 | severe sepsis | 20,0000 IU q12h×5d | equivalent normal saline | NR | IL-8, TNF-α,IL-10, APACHE II score | nausea, fatigue and rash | ☆☆☆☆☆ |
| Wang et al. (2007) | China | 2004.1-2006.12 | RCT | 84 | 44 | 40 | 55.3 ± 24.5 | 52.1 ± 16.3 | sepsis | 20,0000 IU q12h×7d | equivalent normal saline | NR | TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10,IL-8,IL-1 | none | ☆☆☆☆ |
| Wu et al. (2016) | China | 2011-2012 | RCT | 60 | 31 | 29 | 48.71 ± 30.15 | 50.09 ± 29.11 | sepsis | 20,0000 IU q8h×8d | equivalent normal saline | 28-day mortality | TNF-α,IL-10 APACHE II score | None | ☆☆☆☆ |
RCT, Randomized controlled study; PC, prospective case–control study, PO, prospective observational study; p > 0.05, no difference in the baseline of mean age; VFDs, ventilator-free days; VDs, ventilator days; VASFDs, vasopressor-free days; VASDs, vasopressor days; NR, It was not given in the original article.