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. 2016 Oct 25;19(4):460–468. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw245

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© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figure 3. — Chronic oral α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) agonist choline treatment suppresses the severity of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in C57Bl/6 male mice. Effect of chronic oral choline (10, 40, 80, 120 μg/mL) treatment on (A) the time course of disease activity index (DAI), (B) area under the curve of DAI, (C) mean of colon length (cm). (D) Colonic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (pg/mg protein) in the homogenized colonic tissue samples. Results are expressed as mean ± SE, n = 6–8, *p < .05 vs. DSS group and ^#p < .05 vs. Ctrl group. CC = choline chloride; Ctrl = water-treated animals; Veh = vehicle DSS-treated mice.