Colitis severity after dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exposure in α7 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) female mice and the effect of chronic oral choline treatment on the severity of DSS-induced colitis in C57Bl/6 female mice. (A) Time course of disease activity index (DAI) of α7 WT and KO female mice treated with 2.5% DSS in the drinking water, (B) mean of colon length (cm) of control and DSS-treated α7 WT and KO female mice. The effect of chronic oral choline (10, 40, 80, 120 μg/mL) treatment on (C) the time course of DAI, and (D) mean of colon length (cm) in female mice treated with 2.5% DSS. Results are expressed as mean ± SE, n = 6–8, *p < .05 vs. DSS group. CC = choline chloride.