TABLE 2.

The values of ΔG′ ATP of hydrolysis measured compared with the calculated ΔG′ from the 9 ion empirical equations

ΔG′ (kJ/mol)	Perfused beating heart			Liver		Red blood cell, control
	Glucose	G + insulin	G + R-3-hydroxybutyrate	Control	+Na acetate
ATP	−54.2 ± 0.6	−58.0 ± 0.2	−57.0 ± 0.3	−56.5 ± 0.4	−56.1 ± 0.7	−57.1 ± 0.4
9 ions	53.3 ± 0.1	57.0 ± 2.5	59.0 ± 1.8	54.0 ± 0.7	60.3 ± 1.1	53.0 ± 0.6

ΔG′ of ATP and ΔG′ of 9 ions calculated using Eq. 5 in heart, liver, and red blood cells (11).