Table 5.

Top 20 Alzheimer’s disease–related entities by each method (PKDE4J)

Entity A	Proposed
Alzheimer’s disease	[1] TAU [2] MCI [3] Memory [4] Parkinson’s disease [5] CSF [6] APP [7] APOE [8] Neurodegenerative diseases [9] Impairment [10] Amyloid beta [11] Cognitive impairment [12] Neurodegeneration [13] Neurodegenerative disorders [14] Depression [15] Oxidative stress [16] Hippocampus [17] Vascular dementia [18] Patients [19] Neurofibrillary tangles [20] MRI
Entity A	Co-occurrence
Alzheimer’s disease	[1] MCI [2] APP [3] TAU [4] Memory [5] Parkinson’s disease [6] CSF [7] Neurodegenerative diseases [8] APOE [9] Amyloid beta [10] Neurofibrillary tangles [11] Vascular dementia [12] Neurodegenerative disorders [13] Senile plaques [14] Oxidative stress [15] Neurodegenerative disorder [16] Depression [17] PD [18] PSEN1 [19] Amyloid plaques [20] Neurodegenerative disease
Entity A	Word2Vec
Alzheimer’s disease	[1] Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease [2] Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology [3] Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology [4] Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease [5] Alzheimer’s disease patients [6] Early Alzheimer’s disease [7] Depression in Alzheimer’s disease [8] Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease [9] Incipient Alzheimer’s disease [10] Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease patients [11] Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease [12] Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease [13] Alzheimer’s disease dementia [14] Prodromal Alzheimer’s disease [15] Severe Alzheimer’s disease [16] Typical Alzheimer’s disease [17] Mild Alzheimer’s disease [18] Alzheimer’s disease with diabetes [19] Presenile Alzheimer’s disease [20] Familial Alzheimer’s disease
Entity A	COALS
Alzheimer’s disease	[1] Parkinson’s disease [2] Impairment [3] Vascular dementia [4] Memory [5]TAU [6] Neuronal [7] Increased [8] Dementias [9] Mild cognitive impairment [10] Huntington’s disease [11] Depression [12] Diabetes [13] Schizophrenia [14] Stroke [15] APP [16] Accumulation [17] Cancer [18] Down syndrome [19] Neurodegeneration [20] Caregivers
Entity A	Random indexing
Alzheimer’s disease	[1] Parkinson’s disease [2] Memory [3] TAU [4] Neuronal [5] Increased [6] Dementias [7] Mild cognitive impairment [8] Impairment [9] Vascular dementia [10] Biomarkers [11] Huntington’s disease [12] Depression [13] Diabetes [14] Schizophrenia [15] Stroke [16] APP [17] Accumulation [18] Cancer [19] Downs syndrome [20] Neurodegeneration