Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study population (n = 1267)
| Characteristics | Kenya n = 321% (n) | Malawi n = 299% (n) | Sierra Leone n = 340% (n) | Zimbabwe n = 307% (n) | Total n = 1267% (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | |||||
| < 15 | 0.0 (0) | 1.0 (3) | 0.3 (1) | 0.0 (0) | 0.3 (4) |
| 15–19 | 9.1 (29) | 16.0 (47) | 24.2 (81) | 18.8 (33) | 15.2 (190) |
| 20–24 | 28.6 (91) | 31.3 (92) | 22.4 (75) | 24.6 (75) | 26.6 (333) |
| 25–29 | 30.8 (98) | 21.1 (62) | 23.6 (79) | 25.9 (79) | 25.4 (318) |
| 30–34 | 16.0 (51) | 15.3 (45) | 14.3 (48) | 20.3 (62) | 16.4 (206) |
| 35–39 | 10.7 (34) | 9.2 (27) | 9.9 (33) | 11.5 (35) | 10.3 (129) |
| > = 40 | 2.5 (8) | 3.4 (10) | 2.1 (7) | 3.6 (11) | 2.9 (36) |
| No information | 2.2 (7) | 2.7 (8) | 3.3 (11) | 3.3 (10) | 2.9 (36) |
| Mean (SD) | 26.6 (5.8) | 25.7 (6.6) | 25.2 (6.4) | 27.2 (6.5) | 26.2 (6.4) |
| Parity | |||||
| Para 1 | 31.8 (101) | 33.3 (98) | 29.9 (100) | 34.1 (104) | 32.2 (403) |
| Para 2–4 | 61.0 (194) | 54.8 (161) | 50.7 (170) | 63.0 (192) | 57.2 (717) |
| Para 5 or more | 5.0 (16) | 10.2 (30) | 17.3 (58) | 2.6 (8) | 8.9 (112) |
| Mothers’ place of residence | |||||
| Urban | 19.2 (61) | 42.9 (126) | 46.6 (156) | 84.6 (258) | 48.0 (601) |
| Semi-urban | 24.5 (78) | 8.5 (25) | 1.8 (6) | 3.0 (9) | 9.4 (118) |
| Rural | 53.8 (171) | 39.1 (115) | 49.9 (167) | 11.5 (35) | 38.9 (488) |
| No information | 2.5 (8) | 9.5 (28) | 1.8 (6) | 1.0 (3) | 3.6 (45) |
| Antenatal care | |||||
| At least 1 visit | 85.5 (272) | 68.7 (202) | 43.3 (145) | 72.8 (222) | 67.1 (841) |
| 4 or more visits | 34.9 (111) | 9.9 (29) | 1.2 (4) | 24.6 (75) | 17.5 (219) |
| Referral status | |||||
| Referral from other facility | 37.1 (118) | 33.0 (97) | 40.6 (136) | 69.5 (212) | 44.9 (563) |
| Came from home | 61.3 (195) | 63.9 (188) | 58.2 (195) | 28.5 (87) | 53.1 (665) |
| No information | 1.6 (5) | 3.1 (9) | 1.2 (4) | 2.0 (6) | 1.9 (24) |
| Type of pregnancy | |||||
| Singleton | 91.6 (294) | 90.0 (269) | 88.8 (302) | 92.5 (284) | 90.7 (1149) |
| Multiple | 6.2 (20) | 9.7 (29) | 7.4 (25) | 4.9 (15) | 7.0 (89) |
| Gestational age at delivery | |||||
| 28 to 31 completed weeks | 21.8 (70) | 8.0 (24) | 8.5 (29) | 20.5 (63) | 14.7 (186) |
| 32 to 36 completed weeks | 26.5 (85) | 23.4 (70) | 27.6 (94) | 33.2 (102) | 27.7 (351) |
| 37 completed weeks or more | 46.1 (148) | 59.9 (179) | 61.5 (209) | 40.7 (125) | 52.2 (661) |
| No information | 5.6 (18) | 8.7 (26) | 2.4 (8) | 5.5 (17) | 5.5 (69) |
| Mode of delivery | |||||
| Spontaneous vaginal birth | 71.7 (230) | 64.6 (192) | 66.8 (227) | 71.0 (218) | 68.4 (867) |
| CS (includes laparotomy for ruptured uterus) | 26.2 (84) | 30.8 (92) | 29.1 (99) | 28.7 (88) | 28.7 (363) |
| Instrumental delivery | 0.3 (1) | 3.0 (9) | 2.4 (8) | 0.0 (0) | 1.4 (18) |
| Destructive operation | 0.0 (0) | 1.3 (4) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 0.3 (4) |
| No information | 1.9 (6) | 0.7 (2) | 1.8 (6) | 0.3 (1) | 1.2 (15) |