Table 3.
Changes in Clinical and Behavioral Measurements of Study Participants in the RICE Project from Baseline to Follow-up
| Intervention group (n=71) | Control Group (n=89) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Baseline Mean (SD) | 6-Month Mean (SD) | Change in Mean (95% CI) | N | Baseline Mean (SD) | 6-Month Mean (SD) | Change in Mean (95% CI) | Intervention Effect: Unadjusted | Intervention Effect: Adjusteda | |
| Physiological Measures | ||||||||||
| Weight (lbs.), mean (95% CI) | 70 | 166.2 (23.8) | 162.3 (22.6) | −3.9 (−5.8, −2.2)† | 89 | 169.2 (23.5) | 168.8 (21.8) | −0.4 (−1.9, 1.1) | −3.7 (−6.0, −1.4)** | −3.0 (−5.4, −0.5)* |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (95% CI) | 70 | 28.1 (3.5) | 27.4 (3.3) | −0.7 (−1.0, −0.4)† | 89 | 27.7 (3.1) | 27.7 (3.0) | 0.0 (−0.3, 0.2) | −0.7 (−1.0, −0.3)† | −0.5 (−1.0, −0.1)* |
| Systolic BP (mmHG), mean (95% CI) | 68 | 131.0 (13.2) | 118.7 (8.9) | −12.3 (−15.4, −9.2)† | 88 | 126.6 (13.7) | 117.4 (11.1) | −9.2 (−12.9, −5.5)† | −2.4 (−7.1, 2.2) | −2.5 (−11.4, −4.6)† |
| Diastolic BP (mmHG), mean (95% CI) | 68 | 83.9 (7.6) | 80.6 (7.8) | −3.3 (−5.3, −1.2)** | 88 | 83.5 (9.5) | 80.4 (5.0) | −3.1 (−5.2, −1.1)** | −0.4 (−3.2, 2.5) | −1.2 (−4.5, 2.0) |
| Cholesterol | 66 | 154.1 (47.0) | 167.5 (28.8) | 13.4 (1.5, 25.3)* | 79 | 155.8 (33.0) | 157.2 (32.7) | 1.4 (−5.5, 8.3) | 12.0 (−1.2, 25.3) | 10.4 (−4.2, 24.9) |
| Glucose | 67 | 114.5 (33.6) | 94.9 (16.2) | −19.6 (−28.0, −11.1)† | 82 | 96.8 (21.7) | 97.8 (18.6) | 1.0 (−2.6, 4.6) | −22.0 (−30.9, −13.2)† | −20.1 (−29.6, −10.7)† |
| Physical activity (PA) | ||||||||||
| Weekly PA, minutes | 67 | 48.4 (132.1) | 299.3 (214.3) | 250.9 (194.7, 307.1)† | 69 | 25.1 (69.7) | 128.7 (132.9) | 103.5 (74.4, 132.6)† | 135.3 (74.1, 196.4)† | 136.0 (70.6, 201.4)† |
| Self-efficacy (1–4, 4=highest) | 43 | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.9 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9)† | 77 | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.5) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.2) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9)† | 0.8 (0.5, 1.0)† |
| Social interaction (1–4, 4=highest) | 69 | 1.5 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.7) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.0)† | 84 | 1.5 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7)† | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5)† | 1.1 (0.7, 1.4)† |
| Barriers to exercise (0–7, 0=fewest) | 71 | 3.0 (1.8) | 1.1 (1.1) | −1.9 (−2.3, −1.5)† | 85 | 3.3 (1.8) | 2.2 (1.6) | −1.1 (−1.6, −0.6)† | −0.8 (−1.4, 0.2)* | −0.7 (−1.4, 0.0) |
| Diet | ||||||||||
| Portion control (1–4, 4=highest) | 64 | 2.0 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.6) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8)† | 87 | 2.2 (1.1) | 2.6 (0.6) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6)† | 1.2 (0.8, 1.5)*** | 1.1 (0.7, 1.4)*** |
| Barriers (0–8, 0=fewest) | 67 | 4.8 (2.2) | 1.0 (1.3) | −3.8 (−4.4, −3.3)† | 93 | 5.0 (2.2) | 3.6 (2.8) | −1.4 (−2.0, −0.8)† | −2.4 (−3.1, −1.6)† | −2.1 (−3.0, −1.2)† |
| Self-efficacy (0–8, 8=highest) | 67 | 7.8 (0.7) | 7.6 (0.8) | −0.2 (−0.4, 0.0) | 86 | 7.7 (1.2) | 7.2 (1.1) | −0.4 (−0.8, −0.1)* | 0.2 (−0.2, 0.6) | 0.2 (−0.2, 0.7) |
| Diabetes knowledge | ||||||||||
| Knowledge scale 1 (0–7, 7=highest) | 67 | 3.8 (2.0) | 6.5 (0.7) | 2.7 (2.3, 3.3)† | 85 | 3.4 (2.1) | 5.5 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.5, 2.6)† | 0.5 (−0.2, 1.2) | 0.4 (−0.4, 1.2) |
| Knowledge scale 2 (0–7, 7=highest) | 65 | 1.6 (1.3) | 4.0 (0.8) | 2.3 (2.1, 2.6)† | 86 | 1.7 (1.3) | 3.5 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.2)† | 0.4 (0.0, 0.8) | 0.4 (−0.1, 0.9) |
| Health | ||||||||||
| Self-efficacy (1–5, 5=highest) | 65 | 3.9 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4)** | 87 | 3.8 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.6) | −0.1 (−0.2, 0.1) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.5)** | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6)** |
Boldface indicates statistical significance
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
†
p<0.001
a
Adjusted for age, sex, education, years in US; time-varying: insurance