|
Juan et al. (1995) [25] |
To evaluate the efficacy of fibrin sealant in
sciatic nerve repair in rats. |
Application of sealant fractions in sciatic nerves
of rats. Initially fibrinogen was obtained from human
plasma. |
The results obtained were similar to those of
conventional glue. |
The fibrin sealant enabled the adhesion and nervous
regeneration. |
Lack of data (e.g. number of animals used). |
|
Sartori Filho et al. (1998) [40] |
Observation of the results obtained with the use of
fibrin sealant in sheep testicular biopsy in relation to:
hemorrhage control, adhesion prevention, fibrin material effect
as a sealing technique. Evaluation of the efficacy of the new
fibrin sealant in anastomosis of colon of rats. |
Thirty sheep divided into three groups (n = 10).
G1: Fibrin sealant group; G2: suture group; G3: control group
(without surgery or biopsy). |
Twenty days after biopsy - G1: adhesion in three
testicles (15%) and two testicles in G2 (10%); G3: without
abnormality. On hundred days after the biopsy: orchiectomy. G1
and G2: four testicles (20%) in each group with adherence
between the tunics. Subcutaneous adhesions: one (5%) in G1 and
three (15%) in G2. |
The fibrin sealant proved to be easy to apply,
requiring short postoperative monitoring, exhibited fast healing
properties and tended to reduce the formation of subcutaneous
adherence. |
One animal in G2 presented scrotal subcutaneous
hematoma and developed testicular degeneration and diffuse
subcutaneous adhesions. |
|
Leite et al. (2000) [41] |
To assess the efficacy of the new fibrin sealant on
colon anastomosis of rats. |
Eighty rats divided into two groups of 40 animals:
G1 (control group): anastomosis with extramucous interrupted
suture; and G2: repair suture + fibrin sealant. |
Twenty-one days after surgery: G1 exhibited a
perfect coaptation of intestinal segments. G2: macroscopic
alterations were more intense. There was no difference in the
values of force of rupture between the two groups. |
Fibrin sealant derived from snake venom proved
efficient on allowing anastomosis of the colon of rats. |
The use of fibrin sealant in the anastomosis
requires further investigation in larger animals to understand
the sealant behavior on larger organs. |
|
Chalhoub et al. (2000) [42] |
To evaluate fibrin sealant derived from snake venom
as an alternative to conventional uterine suture after ovine
cesarean surgery. |
Twenty-eight pregnant sheep divided into four
groups of seven animals: six animals were submitted to surgery
with fibrin sealant and one animal underwent the conventional
hysterorrhaphy. |
The healing of the wound showed good macroscopic
appearance 30 days after surgery with the application of the
sealant. However, microscopically, the uterus did not return to
pre-pregnancy conditions 30 days after the experimental cesarean
section. |
Animals submitted to conventional cesarean section
showed a better process of wound healing. |
Further studies on the use of this new sealant in
hysterorrhaphy after cesarean section in several animal species
are required. |
|
Rahal et al. (2004) [43] |
To assess the effect of snake venom derived from
fibrin glue on the viability of split-thickness skin graft in
dogs. |
One group of nine dogs: a skin graft was collected
from the left lateral thoracic area and fixed using several
single sutures. On the right side the fibrin sealant + suture
was applied. |
Compared to the sutured graft, the graft fixed with
the sealant showed more cells and a greater number of collagen
fibers in the papillary layer of the dermis. |
Fibrin sealant increased the survival of the
autogenous skin graft, but has moderate adhesive power. |
The fibrin sealant did not have sufficient adhesive
strength to fix the graft on its own, especially at the site
where the wound was induced. |
|
Moraes et al. (2004) [44] |
Evaluation of the healing process in canine uterus
hysterorrhaphy using fibrin sealant derived from snake
venom. |
Twelve adult female dogs divided into three groups
(n = 4). G1: double layer suture; G2: only the fibrin sealant;
G3: suture + fibrin sealant as reinforcement. |
All groups presented total regeneration of the
epithelium, regardless of the treatment. The thickness of
healing tissue was higher in G2 than G1 and G3. |
The experimental model was appropriate to achieve
the proposed objectives. Fibrin sealant produced less
inflammation in the exudative phase and eased the evolution of
proliferation and maturation phases. |
The amount of fibrin sealant used in surgery was
not reported. |
|
Ferraro et al. (2005) [45] |
Assessment of the effect of the fibrin sealant
derived from snake venom on the tendon force in the healing
process in dogs. |
Left and right thoracic limbs of 15 dogs were used.
Members were divided into three groups (n = 10). Each group
corresponded to the day of evaluation after the application of
the sealant: 7th, 15th and 30th
postoperative day. |
There was 62.5% of stump retraction in tendons, and
20.8% moderate to excessive adherence affecting sliding. The
group of 30 days showed the best coaptation. |
The sealant allowed a progressive increase of the
resistance for the maximum tensile force and permanent
deformations. Thus, fibrin sealant derived from snake venom can
be used to promote healing in the flexor tendon of dogs. |
None informed. |
|
Sampaio et al. (2007) [46] |
To elucidate mechanisms related to the repair of
corneal ulcers treated with the fibrin sealant derived from
snake venom. |
Twenty-one dogs were submitted to lamellar
keratectomy divided into seven groups (n = 31). G1 to G6:
keratectomized areas with fibrin sealant (collection performed
on days 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 after surgery); G7: without
sealant. |
The corneas collected at day 60 presented discrete
changes compared to day 30 in postoperative group. Inflammatory
cells were rare, and fibrosis was moderate. |
The fibrin sealant helped in repair of the site,
contributing to healing mechanisms and preventing the formation
of edema in the wound. |
Early elimination of fibrin sealant (in three
animals) due to the presence of substances in the tear that
caused lysis of fibrin. |
|
Barbosa et al. (2008) [30] |
To compare and to evaluate histological effects in
periodontal surgery, especially in gingival grafts, using the
new heterologous fibrin sealant compared with traditional
sutures, in humans. |
Fifteen patients - with surgical procedures in two
contralateral areas - were divided into control (only
traditional suture technique) and experimental group (fibrin
sealant). |
At day 14, the experimental group had a more mature
epithelial tissue than the control group, but both presented
epithelial tissue. At day 45, there were no significant
difference between the groups, with an increase in collagen
fibers. Epithelium was already mature. |
Despite the limitations of the study, the fibrin
sealant tested may represent an alternative to sutures in
periodontal surgery. |
Limited number of patients, sample and statistical
analyzes. The histological results were not sufficient to
achieve a conclusion. |
|
Gatti et al. (2011) [38] |
To assess the effect of the new fibrin sealant in
the repair process of venous ulcers in 24 adult patients. |
Two groups: G1 (control, n = 11) treated with
essential fatty acids and Unna’s boot and, G2 (n = 13) treated
with essential fatty acids, fibrin sealant and Unna’s boot.
Fibrin sealant was applied in the first and fourth week of
treatment. |
Fibrin sealant was effective in the healing of
chronic venous ulcers, presenting ease of application,
preparation of the wound bed, reduction of pain and greater
number of discharges after eight weeks. |
The application of fibrin sealant can improve wound
healing processes and increase healing levels. |
Preliminary phase I study and major studies with a
larger number of patients should be conducted to evaluate the
best way to apply the new sealant. |
|
Iatecola et al. (2013) [47] |
Evaluation of the osteogenic capacity of the new
fibrin sealant (FS) combined with bone graft and laser
irradiation. |
Thirty rats were divided into six groups (n = 5).
G1 (control): autogenous graft; G2: graft + laser 5 J/cm²; G3:
graft + laser 7 J/cm²; G4: graft + FS; G5: graft + FS + laser 5
J/cm²; and G6: graft + FS + laser 7 J/cm². |
The analyses showed absence of inflammatory
infiltrate in the bone defect. Bone neoformation occurred in all
groups, more intensely in G6. |
The osteogenic effect of the 7 J/cm2
laser has proved to be very efficient, and its combination with
fibrin sealant derived from snake venom can accelerate the
regeneration process. |
The combination of laser and sealant becomes a
therapeutic resource to be further investigated in bone
regeneration research. |
|
Barbizan et al. (2013) [48] |
To assess the effects of fibrin sealant on
functional recovery, neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity and
glial reaction of the motor neuron after ventral root
reimplantation. |
Thirty rats divided into two groups (n = 15). G1:
unilateral avulsion of the lumbar ventral roots L4-L6; and G2:
avulsion followed by reimplantation of the injured root, using
the fibrin sealant. |
G2 showed no significant changes in the microglial
response compared to G1. However, the astroglial reaction was
significantly reduced in this group. |
The root reimplantation performed with fibrin
sealant increased neuronal survival and improved recovery of
motor function, improving the regeneration process. |
It is not clear whether it is the reimplantation
site or the sealant that may be responsible for neuronal
survival. |
|
Benitez et al. (2014) [49] |
Evaluation of motor and sensory functions after
dorsal root reimplantation with fibrin sealant associated with
mononuclear cells of the bone marrow. Comparison of the local
injection of mononuclear cells in the spinal cord with the
possibility of homogenizing these cells with the fibrin sealant
after avulsion of the ventral root and reimplantation. |
Sixty-five rats divided into three groups. G1:
rhizotomy (n = 22); G2: rhizotomy + fibrin sealant (n = 23); G3:
rhizotomy + sealant + mononuclear cells of the bone marrow (n =
20). Animals submitted to unilateral avulsion of L4-L6 ventral
roots divided into four groups. G1: avulsion only; G2:
reimplantation with fibrin sealant; G3: reimplantation with
fibrin sealant associated with mononuclear cells; and G4:
reimplantation with fibrin sealant and injected mononuclear
cells. |
The reimplantation decreased the glial reaction and
improved the synaptic plasticity of the afferent entries. Both
replanted groups had twice as much motor control compared to the
untreated group. After four weeks: G4 obtained G2-like results;
in G3, the neuronal rescue was greater. After eight weeks: G4
with increased degeneration, reaching the level of G1 (injection
caused late inflammatory response, occurring delay in cell
death); in G3 there was functional recovery, resulting in the
preservation of the neurons. |
Dorsal root reimplantation with fibrin sealant
associated with mononuclear cells of the bone marrow
significantly improved motor and sensory function. |
The lack of sensory information caused significant
motor changes in G1. |
|
Barbizan et al. (2014) [32] |
To compare the local injection of mononuclear cells
to the spinal cord lateral funiculus with the alternative
approach of local delivery with fibrin sealant after ventral
root avulsion and reimplantation. |
Animals submitted to unilateral avulsion of L4-L6
ventral roots and divided into four groups. G1: avulsion only;
G2: reimplantation with fibrin sealant; G3: reimplantation with
fibrin sealant associated with mononuclear cells; and G4:
reimplantation with fibrin sealant and injection of mononuclear
cells. |
After four weeks: G4 obtained results similar to
G2; in G3, the neuronal rescue was greater. After eight weeks:
G4 had increased degeneration, reaching the level of G1
(injection caused late inflammatory response, occurring delay in
cell death); G3 had functional recovery, resulting in the
preservation of the neurons. |
The use of the fibrin sealant homogenized with
mononuclear cells technique provided the best and most
long-lasting results for neuroprotection compared with
intra-spinal injection. |
The relatively poor clinical outcome requires more
attention. |
|
Cunha et al. (2015) [34] |
Evaluation of the osteogenic potential of a
combination of hydroxyapatite (Ha) and the new fibrin sealant
(FS) in the improvement of bone regeneration. |
Forty rats were divided into four groups (n = 10).
Control group: parietal bone defect without treatment; Ha group:
bone defect + 8 mg Ha; FS group: bone defect + 8 mL fibrin
sealant; and Ha + FS group: bone defect + 8 mg Ha + 8 mL fibrin
sealant. |
Six weeks after surgery: there was bone growth from
the original bone, surrounding several particles of
hydroxyapatite, without interposition of the connective tissue.
Osteogenesis at the bone defect site was higher in the Ha + FS
group. |
Hydroxyapatite in combination with the new fibrin
sealant accelerated bone repair. |
Six weeks were not sufficient for complete repair
of the bone defect, requiring more time for skull regeneration.
|
|
Buchaim et al. (2015) [33] |
To assess if the fibrin sealant allows the
collateral regeneration of axons from vagus nerve into the
interior of a sural nerve graft and if the laser therapy aids in
the regeneration. |
Thirty-two rats divided into three groups. CG:
intact sural nerve (n = 8); EG: one end of the sural nerve graft
coapted to the vagus nerve with the sealant (n = 12), and EGL:
procedure equal to EG, with addition of low-level laser therapy
LLLT (n = 12). |
Axonal regeneration observed in EG and EGL. CG: all
measured dimensions were larger and with a significant
difference in relation to EG and EGL, except for the area and
thickness of the myelin sheath, with a significant difference in
relation to the EG. |
Fibrin sealant was feasible for axonal
regeneration, and is an efficient method for recovering injured
peripheral nerves. The use of low-level laser therapy has
increased nerve regeneration. |
In relation to low-level laser therapy, future
studies are required to lead to a better understanding of its
efficacy. |
|
Machado et al. (2015) [35] |
To analyze the combination between fibrin sealant
(FS) and rhBMP-2 or P1 in the repair of bone defects in
rats. |
Sixty rats were divided into six groups (n = 10).
Control: unfilled bone defect, G2: defect filled with 5 μg of
rhBMP-2, G3: 5 μg of P-1, G4: 8 μg of FS, G5: 8 μg of FS and 5
μg of rhBMP-2, G6: 8 μg of FS and 5 μg of P-1. |
There was a statistically significant difference (p
< 0.05) in all groups after six weeks in relation to the
volume of newly formed bones in the surgical area. |
The new fibrin sealant proved to be biocompatible
and the combination with rhBMP-2 showed greater osteogenic and
osteoconductive capacity for bone healing. |
The role of fibrin sealants in healing and
osteogenesis remains not fully understood. |
|
Cartarozzi et al. (2015) [50] |
To investigate the effectiveness of mesenchymal
stem cells associated with fibrin sealant in the peripheral
regenerative process after sciatic nerve tubulization. |
Fifteen Lewis rats divided into three groups (n =
5). G1: unilateral sciatic nerve transection followed by
implantation of polycaprolactone tubular prosthesis; G2: tube
filled with fibrin sealant, and G3: tube filled with fibrin
sealant and mesenchymal stem cells. |
Sixty days after tubulization, the group with
mesenchymal stem cells had a higher myelinated axon counting,
more compact fibers and a tendency to increase the thickness of
the myelin sheath. Cell treated animals also had better motor
function. |
The study confirms the efficiency of mesenchymal
stem cell treatments after nerve tubulization. In addition, the
use of fibrin sealant increases cell reactivity, leading to
better compaction of myelinated axons and improving motor
recovery. |
Although sensory and motor recovery could be
detected by stimulating the toes, recovery through gait recovery
could not be recorded. |
|
de Barros et al. (2016) [51] |
To analyze the safety, durability and stability of
heterologous fibrin sealant in ovine cartilage repair. |
For the implantation of the sealant arthrotomy,
chondral defects were induced in eight sheep and divided into
two groups (n = 4). G1: euthanasia after seven days, and G2:
euthanasia after 15 days. |
Seven days after implantation (G1), the sealant was
present at the lesion site and stably attached to healthy
cartilage. Fifteen days after the procedure (G2), only the
lesion site without the fibrin gel was observed. |
The applicability of the fibrin sealant was
excellent and did not trigger undesirable effects, such as
inflammation, allowing a normal repair process in this
study. |
Further studies are needed, including the use of
cell cultures and in vivo comparison with other types of
biological sealants. |
|
de Oliveira Gonçalves et al. (2016) [36] |
Assessment of the effects of low-level laser
therapy (LLLT) in stabilized bone graft integration process with
a new heterologous fibrin sealant. |
Forty rats divided into two groups (n = 20). AFG:
osteotomy in the right parietal bone. An extracted fragment was
adhered to the left side with the sealant. AFGL: same process,
with addition of LLLT. |
The AFGL group showed a more evident bone
neoformation when compared to the AFG group. |
Low-level laser therapy stimulated bone
regeneration and accelerated the integration process of
autogenous bone grafts. |
Fibrin sealant has not yet demonstrated fixing
capacity like screws. |
|
Buchaim et al. (2016) [52] |
To evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy
(LLLT) on the repair of the buccal branch of the facial nerve
with two techniques: end-term epineural suture and coaptation
with heterologous fibrin sealant. |
Forty-two rats divided into five groups. CG:
collection of the buccal branch of the facial nerve (n = 10);
EGS: with suture and EGF: with fibrin (n = 16). Suture made on
the right side and the fibrin sealant on the left side. EGSL:
with suture and laser and EGFL: with fibrin and laser (n =
16). |
Axonal growth was observed in the distal stump of
the facial nerve in all groups. Within ten weeks after surgery,
EGSL presented the closest results to CG, in all measured
variables, except in the axon area. |
Both surgical techniques analyzed were effective in
the treatment of peripheral nerve lesions, in which the use of
fibrin sealant allowed the manipulation of nerve stumps without
trauma. The LLLT presented satisfactory results in facial nerve
regeneration. |
Despite the satisfactory results, additional
studies are required to confirm the effects of laser therapy on
peripheral nerve repair. |
|
Biscola et al. (2016) [53] |
To analyze the viability and efficiency of the
end-to-end coaptation of the neonatal sciatic nerve, performed
with the application of fibrin sealant derived from snake
venom. |
Two-day old rats were divided into three groups.
AX: sciatic nerve axotomy (SNA) without treatment (n = 30); AX +
FS: SNA followed by coaptation with fibrin sealant (n = 30); AX
+ CFS: SNA followed by coaptation with commercial fibrin sealant
(n = 30). |
Four weeks post-injury: microglial reaction
decreased in the AX + FS and AX + CFS groups. In relation to
axonal regeneration, the coaptation allowed the recovery of a
greater number of myelinated fibers, with improved morphometric
parameters. |
Both sealants promote neuroprotection and
regeneration of motor and sensory axons. The CEVAP fibrin
sealant was easy to handle at the time of surgery. |
Because of the small size of rats, combined with
the delicate structure of peripheral nerves in the perinatal
state, post-transection repair is difficult to perform. |
|
Vidigal de Castro et al. (2016) [54] |
To compare two fibrin sealants, one derived from
human blood and another derived from animal blood and snake
venom, in the treatment of axonal lesions, such as ventral root
avulsion (VRA). |
Animals submitted to unilateral avulsion of the
ventral root and reimplantation in the lumbar intumescence (L4,
L5 and L6 right side, n = 5 per group). G1: VRA; G2: avulsion
and reimplantation with fibrin sealant derived from snake venom
(6 mL); and G3: avulsion and reimplantation with commercial
fibrin sealant. |
Twelve weeks after repair: an improved number of
fibers indicating regeneration, regardless of the fibrin sealant
used, was observed. Myelin thickness reached values close to
normal in the reimplanted groups. |
Both fibrin sealants are equally efficient.
However, fibrin sealant derived from snake venom is a safer
alternative because it is a biological and biodegradable product
and does not contain human blood derivatives. |
The amount of commercial fibrin sealant used in
surgery was not reported. |
|
Floriano et al. (2016) [55] |
Evaluation of the osteogenic potential of the
rubber latex membranes of the clones RRIM 600 and IAN 873 of
Hevea brasiliensis and the
Hancornia speciosa latex membranes trough
the critical calvarial defect (CSD) model with use of fibrin
sealant. |
Sixty rabbits divided into two groups, depending on
the period of implantation (60 or 90 days), and subdivided into
five treatment groups (n = 6). Three groups received natural
rubber membrane implants; one was positive control group and one
negative control group during each experimental period. |
In the 60-day period, a large amount of new
immature bone tissue was present in the three groups that
received implants. In the positive control, connective tissue
was undergoing abundant ossification, indicating the effective
formation of new bone and good quality of the newly formed
bone. |
The fibrin sealant acted satisfactorily, being
highly recommended as a substitute for cyanoacrylate in this
type of application. |
Some membranes were associated with inflammatory
reactions in adjacent tissue or were rapidly degraded by the
enzymatic activity of macrophages and neutrophils. |
|
Rosso et al. (2017) [56] |
To evaluate the influence of photobiomodulation
therapy (PBMT) on repaired facial nerve lesions through
end-to-side suture or coaptation with the new heterologous
fibrin sealant. |
Thirty-two rats divided into five groups. CG:
collection of the buccal branch of the facial nerve (n = 8); ESG
and EFG: right side suture and left side sealant (n = 12); ESLG
and EFLG: same procedure as before, associated to PBMT with 6.2
J/cm². |
A significant difference was observed in the fiber
area between EFG and EFLG. In the axon area, fiber diameter,
area and thickness of myelin sheath presented no significant
differences. The recovery of the vibrissae movement was better
in ESLG and EFLG, with results close to CG. |
The use of low-level laser photobiomodulation
therapy (with suture or fibrin sealant) showed better
morphofunctional results. |
Future studies could include comparative analyzes
between PBMT with new photodynamic therapies, verification of
neurotrophic factors and standardization of protocols for laser
application. |
|
Buchaim et al. (2017) [57] |
To assess the efficacy of low-level laser therapy
(LLLT) in qualitative, quantitative and functional aspects in
the process of facial nerve regeneration after section of buccal
branch and suture with fibrin sealant. |
Forty-two rats divided into: control group (CG; n =
10): facial nerve collection without lesion; suture experimental
group (SEG) and fibrin experimental group (FEG): n = 16, suture
performed on the right side, and fibrin sealant on the left
side; experimental laser suture group (LSEG) and experimental
fibrin laser group (LFEG): n = 16, same procedures as SEG and
FEG with laser addition at 6.2 J/cm². |
There was a significant increase in the number and
density of regenerated axons with laser therapy. In the
functional analysis, LSEG and LFEG presented better results in
comparison to SEG and FEG. |
LLLT increased axonal regeneration and accelerated
functional recovery of vibrissae. In both repair techniques
(suture and heterologous fibrin sealant), it allowed the growth
of axons. |
Electrophysiological tests may aid in functional
evaluation, which may be considered a limitation for this
study. |
|
Araújo et al. (2017) [58] |
To investigate the neuroprotection provided by
human embryonic stem cells modified to overexpress a human
fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), applied with a fibrin
scaffold. |
Fifty Lewis rats divided into five groups (n = 10).
G1: ventral root avulsion and application of fibrin sealant; G2:
fibrin sealant, doxycycline and embryonic stem cells; G3: fibrin
sealant and doxycycline; G4: fibrin sealant and embryonic stem
cells; G5: fibrin sealant and FGF-2 growth factor |
The group that received the administration of human
embryonic stem cells induced to overexpress the FGF-2 factor by
means of doxycycline showed the survival of a significant number
of motoneurons when compared to other groups. Embryonic stem
cells had a neuroprotective effect, which provided viability to
the neurons during the acute post-injury phase. |
Transgenic human embryonic stem cells
overexpressing FGF-2 in an inducing medium promote
neuroprotective effect in the spinal cord after avulsion of the
ventral root. |
The use of human embryonic stem cells can cause the
formation of teratomas. |
|
Orsi et al. (2017) [59] |
To investigate the citotoxicity and scaffold
potential of the association of heterologous fibrin sealant
(HFS) with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of
bone defects in osteoporotic rats. |
Twenty rats divided into two groups:
non-ovariectomized (NOVX) and ovariectomized (OVX). Four animals
from each group were treated with HFS; HFS + MSCs; HFS + MSCs D;
four animals were control with lesions; and four control animals
without lesions, both without treatment. |
Fourteen days after surgery, HFS + MSCs and HFS +
MSCs D presented higher bone cell formation at the site compared
to the control group (without treatment). Collagen formation was
evidenced through bone neoformation in all treated and control
groups. |
Fibrin sealant was non-toxic to MSCs and showed
ability to promote the recovery of bone lesions. In addition, it
allowed differentiation of MSCs in MSCs D in the group treated
with HFS + MSCs. |
It was not possible to observe the total bone
repair, since a period of six weeks was not sufficient for the
complete recovery of the critical defect in the femur of
rats. |
|
Mozafari et al. (2018) [60] |
To determine the conditions that improve functional
recovery after sciatic nerve neurorrhaphy using human embryonic
stem cells (hESC) and heterologous fibrin sealant. |
A 5-mm segment of the sciatic nerve of mice was
removed and rotated 180 degrees to simulate an injury, and the
stumps were sutured. Then, the heterologous fibrin sealant
and/or hESC was applied at the lesion site. |
Sensory function improved when hESCs was used. |
The new heterologous fibrin sealant can facilitate
nerve repair. |
For enhanced functional recovery and better motor
neuron reinnervation, fibrin sealant and cell therapy should be
used in combination with neurotrophic factors. |
|
Spejo et al. (2018) [61] |
Evaluation of the use of fibrin sealant as a
scaffold to fill the gap formed during induced nerve injury and
to retain the stem cells applied at the lesion site. |
Group AI (intramedullary axotomy) Group AI + DMEM
(intramedullary axotomy + Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium),
Group AI + SF (intramedullary axotomy + fibrin sealant), Group
AI + CT (intramedullary axotomy + stem cells), Group AI + SF +
CT (intramedullary axotomy + fibrin sealant + stem cells). |
The groups AI and AI + DMEM, suffered a huge
degeneration of the injured motor neurons. The groups treated
with fibrin sealant, stem cells and fibrin sealant + stem cells,
obtained high levels of motor neurons surviving the induced
lesion. |
The study demonstrates that mesenchymal stem cell
therapy has a neuroprotective activity and, when associated with
fibrin sealant, provides a better scaffold to retain cells at
the lesion site. |
Further studies, including clinical cases, are
needed to understand and enhance the recovery of injured
complexes. |
