Figure 5.

(A) Biofilm area removed (%) from the disk surfaces after microjet impingement test. Quaternary ammonium salts with longer chain length did not have biofilm adherent on the disks, which made it unnecessary to subject them the impingement test. The results represent the mean (± s.d.) of 4 disks. Disc 1 was not subjected to impingement test and was used as negative control to compare the effectiveness of the method. Bars with the same letter indicate statistically similar values. (B) Biofilm adherent on disks surface after crystal violet staining.